Many studies proposed the importance of early purchasing involvement in new product development processes at private organizations. In contrast, there are other studies and empirical evidence show that early purchasing involvement is not always necessary. The purpose of this study is to determine the critical role of early purchasing involvement in the outcomes of innovative projects at two res...

During recent years, increasing specialisation and complex market structures have made companies divide their purchasing functions into several organisational units to cope with increasingly diversified demands on linking the internal operations within the firm with operations at their suppliers. In this paper, we focus on organising of the purchasing function as an interface between internal a...

Methenamine salts have been traditionally used in the veterinary and human medicine, but its use is sometimes associated with some side effects.Toxicopathological effects of methenamine salt have always been a major concern. There is scantly information available about the lesions of methenamine compound in embryo. The objective of this study was to determine the teratogenic effects of methenam...

Objective(s): In veterinary medicine, zeolites are used as toxin binder in animal feed, ammonia purification of aquatic pools, animal smell and moisture control. This study investigated on the risk assessment of nano zeolite on development of embryonic chicken models, anomalies, tetratogenic and embryotoxic effects. Methods: Eggs (120 = n) were accidentally di...

Recruitment is usually negatively density-dependent with fewer offspring surviving when more are produced. Parental care could alter the pattern as behaviours that maximize individual fitness not necessarily adaptive at population level. We manipulated number of eggs spawned into nests male threespine stickleback, and found egg survival to be positively density-dependent. This reversed negative...

BACKGROUND Human toxocariasis is contained in the list of neglected diseases. The infection occurs after ingestion of embryonated eggs in contaminated soil. The present study was carried out to estimate the extent of soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in the public places. METHODS Soil samples were collected randomly from 41 public places in various parts in and around of Ardabil, Ira...

BACKGROUND We tried to investigate the hair contamination of pet dogs and farm sheepdog with Toxocara eggs in terms of the different sex and age groups in north-west of Iran (Urmia and its suburbs). METHODS Hair samples were collected from a total of 138 pet and farm sheepdogs from November 2008 to June 2009 in Urmia City and the suburb (West Azerbaijan-Iran) and examined for the presence of ...

Helminth egg contamination of vegetables purchased at suburban market in Hanoi, Vietnam was examined. A total of 317 vegetables were examined and 82 (26%) were revealed to be positive for parasite eggs. Of the 15 varieties, 13 were positive except for horseradish and cucumber. Contamination was highest in leafy vegetables (31%), followed by root vegetables (17%) and fruit vegetables (3%). Throu...