Plants use multiple interacting signaling systems to identify and respond to biotic stresses. Although it is often assumed that there is specificity in signaling responses to specific pests, this is rarely examined outside of the gene-for-gene relationships of plant-pathogen interactions. In this study, we first compared early events in gene expression and later events in metabolite profiles of...

Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) containing the Bs2 resistance gene are resistant to strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv) expressing the bacterial effector protein AvrBs2. AvrBs2 is delivered directly to the plant cell via the type III protein secretion system (TTSS) of Xcv. Upon recognition of AvrBs2 by plants expressing the Bs2 gene, a signal transduction cascade is activated...

non-utility companies (see Table 1). These companies represent a diverse mix of U.S. utilities (IOUs and municipals), third party PV monitoring providers, vertically integrated solar PV manufacturers and solar energy services providers, research agencies, and manufac-turers/system sellers. Interview subjects primarily comprised either utility staff responsible for PV O&M activities, including d...

The study started with the requirement that a photovoltaic (PV) power source should be integrated with other supplementary power sources whether it operates in a stand-alone or grid-connected mode. First, fuel cells for a backup of varying PV power were compared in detail with batteries and were found to have more operational benefits. Next, maximizing performance of a grid-connected PV-fuel ce...

Defense against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses requires the plant to distinguish between self and non-self signaling molecules. Pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) are pivotal for triggering innate immunity in plants. Unlike in animals and humans, the precise roles of nucleic acids in plant innate immunity are unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of infil...

This paper presents a short-term forecasting model designed to forecast the hourly power production in a grid-connected photovoltaic plant. The model is based on neuro-fuzzy systems optimized with the use of a genetic algorithm. The model uses as inputs forecasted weather variables obtained with a meso-scale numerical weather prediction model. The model was applied to forecast the hourly produc...

This article presents original probabilistic forecasting models for day-ahead hourly energy generation forecasts a photovoltaic (PV) plant, based on semi-parametric approach using three deterministic forecasts. Input information of these new consists data weather obtained from Numerical Weather Prediction model and variables related to the sun position future instants. The proposed were satisfa...

Solar energy is currently dispatched ahead of other renewable sources. For the first time, this study presents a concept exploiting temporary–periodical runoff discharge in Shire River. Pumped hydro storage–photovoltaic plant (PHS–PV) was optimized to satisfy all-day peak electricity demand Malawi. The effect varying net head on PHS system both generation and pumping operation modes investigate...

alder (alnus subcordata subsp. subcordata) is one of the most important tree species in northern forests of iran and is economically considered as the fourth commercial tree. a leaf spot disease of alder caused by xanthomonas sp. has been reported from several forest regions of mazandaran province (rahimian et al. 1383. 16th iran. plant protec. cong., 439). according to a recent genomic study, ...

Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) plant is one ot the independent electricity that us favorable in recent year. PV can be used as source of smart building well fast charging station. Although rooftop could provide clean and sustainable energy from solar, they also come with disadvantages term intermittent power output. This output due to uncertainty source. To tackle this problem, maximum point trackin...