Homeotic genes are aligned on the chromosome in the order of the segments that they specify along the antero-posterior axis of the fly. In general the genes affecting the more posterior segments repress the more anterior genes, a phenomenon known as "posterior dominance". There is however a noticeable exception to this rule in the central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster where the post...

CONTEXT Although chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is clearly an immune-mediated granulomatous reaction to beryllium, acute beryllium disease (ABD) is commonly considered an irritative chemical phenomenon related to high exposures. Given reported new cases of ABD and projected increased demand for beryllium, we aimed to reevaluate the patho physiologic associations between ABD and CBD using two c...

Actin microfilaments regulate the size, shape and mobility of dendritic spines and are in turn regulated by actin binding proteins and small GTPases. The βI isoform of spectrin, a protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to membrane proteins, is present in spines. To understand its function, we expressed its actin-binding domain (ABD) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. The...

Objectives: This study aims to analyze Abd al-Kaafi Mohammad Sa’eed’s play, "The Rat in the Dock" (1984), from historical and critical perspectives. The play addresses dangers of corruption societies nations, as portrayed through trials a legendary multi-disguised Rat, known ancient Yemeni history Ma’rib Dam. While defending national figures Yemen's Islamic history, also demonstrates impact on ...

We have cloned a homologue of the homeotic gene Abdominal-B from the locust Schistocerca gregaria and raised antibodies against the homeodomain and C-terminal flanking region of the encoded protein. This antibody stains the posterior abdomen of the developing Schistocerca embryo from 26% of development onwards, a stage when only the anterior of the abdomen is visibly segmented. By the time segm...

Assurance BasedDevelopment (ABD) is a novel approach to the synergistic construction of critical soware systems and their assurance arguments. InABD, theneed for assurance drives a unique process synthesis mechanism that results in a detailed process for building both soware and an argument demonstrating its fitness for use in given operating contexts. In this paper, we introduce the ABD proc...

Hox genes have been implicated in the evolution of many animal body patterns, but the molecular events underlying trait modification have not been elucidated. Pigmentation of the posterior male abdomen is a recently acquired trait in the Drosophila melanogaster lineage. Here, we show that the Abdominal-B (ABD-B) Hox protein directly activates expression of the yellow pigmentation gene in poster...