A fundamental question in the study of integral quadratic forms is the representation problem which asks for an effective determination of the set of integers represented by a given quadratic form. A related and equally interesting problem is the representation of integers by inhomogeneous quadratic polynomials. An inhomogeneous quadratic polynomial is a sum of a quadratic form and a linear for...

The recent global financial problem urges government to play role in stimulating the economy due to the fact that private sector has little ability to purchase during the recession. A concerned question is whether the increased government spending crowds out private consumption and whether it helps stimulate the economy. If the government spending policy is effective; the private consumption is...

COVID-19 had an impact not only on human health but also consumers' food consumption. Employing the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), this study analyzes whether consumers change their demand for between 2019 and 2020 in Japan, where legal action was implemented to restrict consumer behavior. Using home scan data, 25 items, including eating out delivery, were analyzed see of COVID-19. Results ...

due to the number of new substances coming into use every year and the increasing amounts of chemicals, which are introduced into the environment, there is a high demand for a rapid, reliable and cost-effective method for detection of developmental toxicity. to meet this challenge various in vitro techniques have been established additional to in vivo animal testing. this review introduces the ...

Ideal multiplication and reduction are fundamental operations on ideals and are used extensively in class group and infrastructure computations; hence, the efficiency of these operations is extremely important. In this thesis we focus on reduction in real quadratic fields and examine all of the known reduction algorithms, converting them whenever required to work with ideals of positive discrim...

Recently, the well-known Diie-Hellman key exchange protocol was extended to real quadratic congruence function elds in a non-group based setting. Here, the underlying key space was the set of reduced principal ideals. This set does not possess a group structure, but instead exhibits a so-called infrastructure. The techniques are the same as in the protocol based on real quadratic number elds. A...

Through this paper, we have attempted to model the demand for di¤erent classes of antibiotics used for respiratory infections in outpatient care in Switzerland using a spatial version of the linear approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. This model takes spatial dependency into account by means of spatial lags of antibiotic budget shares. We control for the health status of patient...