Recent advances in biomolecular modeling have emphasized the importance of inclusion of explicit electronic polarizabilty, and a description of electrostatic interactions that includes atomic multipoles; however, these additional levels of treatment necessarily increase a model’s computational cost. Ultimately, the decision as to whether inclusion of these more rigorous levels are justified res...

How can the notion of topological structures for single scalar fields be extended to multifields? In this paper we propose a definition for such structures using the concepts of Pareto optimality and Pareto dominance. Given a set of piecewise-linear, scalar functions over a common simplical complex of any dimension, our method finds regions of “consensus” among single fields’ critical points an...

This paper presents a hybrid design, featuring a traditional GaAs-based solar cell combined with various colloidal quantum dots. This hybrid design effectively boosts photon harvesting at long wavelengths while enhancing the collection of photogenerated carriers in the ultraviolet region. The merits of using highly efficient semiconductor solar cells and colloidal quantum dots were seamlessly c...

the aim of the present paper is to sbo» that anti-realism in science, 1vhich has a1;guab/y become more fashionable in recentyears, contrary to tuha: its proponents assert, cannot make use of quantum mechanics and its impressiue achievements as a frump card in justifying its claims. i will argue that scientific anti-realism far from providing scientific communiry with a progressive methodologica...

Very low threshold currents ~,100 mA! have been achieved in InGaAs strained single quantum well lasers at cryogenic temperatures. Threshold currents of 38 and 56 mA and external quantum efficiency ;1 mW/mA have been demonstrated under cw operation condition at temperatures of 6 and 77 K, respectively. The external quantum efficiency increased by about a factor of 2 at low temperatures ~,100 K! ...

CdS/CdSe quantum dots co-sensitized TiO2 solar cell was prepared by combining the successive ion layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) method and chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for the fabrication of CdS and CdSe quantum dots, respectively. The effect of CdSe deposition time on the solar cell performance was investigated. It was found that the optimized deposition time for CdSe was 3 h, ...

The quantum efficiency and carrier lifetime that decide the photoconduction (PC) efficiencies in the metal oxide semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been investigated. The experimental result surprisingly shows that the SnO2, TiO2, WO3, and ZnO NWs reveal extraordinary quantum efficiencies in common, which are over one to three orders of magnitude lower than the theoretical expectation. The surf...

PURPOSE This study investigates the fundamental signal and noise performance limitations imposed by the stochastic nature of x-ray interactions in selected photoconductor materials, such as Si, a-Se, CdZnTe, HgI(2), PbI(2), PbO, and TlBr, for x-ray spectra typically used in mammography. METHODS It is shown how Monte Carlo simulations can be combined with a cascaded model to determine the abso...