hypernasality is a frequently occurring resonance disorder in children with cleft palate. generally an operation is necessary to reduce the hypernasality and therefore an assessment of hypernasality is imperative to quantify the effect of the surgery and design the speech therapy sessions which are crucial after surgery. in this paper, a new quantitative method is proposed to estimate hypernasa...

introduction: speech intelligibility, the ability to be understood verbally by listeners, is the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of cochlear implantation. thus, the goal of this study was to compare the speech intelligibility between normal-hearing and cochlear-implanted children using the persian intelligibility test.   materials and methods: twenty-six cochlear-implanted childre...

Viability of Bordetella pertussis was preserved when glycerol broth suspensions were quick frozen and stored at -70 C for as long as 45 months.

This note proposes a new get-rich-quick scheme that involves trading in a stock with a continuous but not constant price path. The existence of such a scheme, whose practical value is tempered by its use of the Axiom of Choice, shows that imposing regularity conditions (such as measurability) is essential even in the foundations of game-theoretic probability. . . . these results do not give a p...

This paper applies quantal response equilibrium (QRE) models (McKelvey and Palfrey, 1995, Games and Economic Behavior) to ultimatum bargaining games. When the strategy space is discrete, as the noise vanishes, the QRE of the normal-form representation converges to a Nash equilibrium in which an equilibrium o er is between 0 and a half of the pie while the QRE of the extensive-form representatio...

Training agents in a virtual crowd to achieve a task can be accomplished by allowing the agents to learn by trial-and-error and by sharing information with other agents. Since sharing enables agents to potentially reach optimal behavior more quickly, what type of sharing is best to use to achieve the quickest learning times? This paper categorizes sharing into three categories: realistic, unrea...

It is demonstrated that unique and simple analytical functions are justified for the atomic charge dependences q of the T (T = Al, P) and O atoms of aluminophosphates (AlPOs) using DFT calculations with several basis sets, starting from STO-3G to 3-21G and 6-21G**. Three internal (bonds, angles, ...) coordinates for the charge dependences of the T atoms and four coordinates for the O are suffic...

BACKGROUND Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is one of the most complex tasks faced by listeners on a daily basis. Although listening in noise presents challenges for all listeners, background noise inordinately affects speech perception in older adults and in children with learning disabilities. Hearing thresholds are an important factor in SIN perception, but they are not the only factor. For ...