Variability in plankton elemental requirements can be important for global ocean biogeochemistry but we currently have a limited understanding of how ocean temperature influences the plankton C/N/P ratio. Multiple studies have put forward a 'translation-compensation' hypothesis to describe the positive relationship between temperature and plankton N/P or C/P as cells should have lower demand fo...

Before the Covid-19 pandemic in German 30-DAX companies women quota supervisory boards and management increased compared to previous years. The COVID-19 led a decrease women’s participation on labour market, working life of being particularly affected. As September 2020, number executive positions decreased, six leaving board just one year (AllBright, 2020: 8). present article investigates situ...

This paper uses a Markov chain model to analyse the dynamics in farm-size distribution among the Flemish dairy sector and the impact of quota policy regulation on such changes. The model predicts a decline of 24% in number of farms in 2014 compared with the current situation with a more liberal exchange policy and a decline of 18% with a restricted quota exchange policy. From these Markov chain...

Globalization has ushered in a new era when more and more companies are expanding their manufacturing operations on a global scale. This poses some special challenges and raises certain issues. This paper examines production loading problems that involve import quota limits in the global supply chain network. Import quota, which is imposed by importing countries (mostly in North America and Eur...

We study shareholder support for corporate board nominees in the context of California gender quota, which was passed 2018. Using hand-collected data approximately 600 firms, we show that, prior to female received greater than their male counterparts. This is consistent with a pre-quota environment were held higher standard nominees. Second, that incumbent directors post-quota receive men, whil...

Email spam has reached alarming proportions because it costs virtually nothing to send email; even a small number of people responding to a spam message is adequate incentive for a spammer to send as many messages as possible. Since spammers need to send messages at high rates to as many recipients as they can, quotas on email senders could throttle spam. We argue for separating the allocation ...

The Shapley-Shubik, Banzhaf, and Deegan-Packel indices are three prominent power indices for measuring voters’ power in weighted voting games. We consider two methods of manipulating weighted voting games, called annexation and merging. These manipulations allow either an agent, called an annexer to take over the voting weights of some other agents, or the coming together of some agents to form...

In this paper we provide empirical evidence that attitudes towards risk are important when assessing the impact of conservation policies on production choices. In the case of an irrigation water quota, deriving water demand responses from a multi-input farmer decision model under risk has to account for unobserved risk attitudes. We first follow the approach of Antle (1987) based on higher-orde...

BACKGROUND Nitrogen starvation and limitation are known to induce important physiological changes especially in lipid metabolism of microalgae (triglycerides, membrane lipids, beta-carotene, etc.). Although little information is available for Dunaliella salina, it is a promising microalga for biofuel production and biotechnological applications due to its ability to accumulate lipid together wi...

Marine reserves (MRs) are used worldwide as a means of conserving biodiversity and protecting depleted populations. Despite major investments in MRs, their environmental and social benefits have proven difficult to demonstrate and are still debated. Clear expectations of the possible outcomes of MR establishment are needed to guide and strengthen empirical assessments. Previous models show that...