This study aims at evaluating the importance of the two-component regulatory system VicRK to virulence of the horse pathogen Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and the potential of a vicK mutant as a live vaccine candidate using mouse infection models. The vicK gene was deleted by gene replacement. The DeltavicK mutant is attenuated in virulence in both subcutaneous and intranasal infections in...

The performance of four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (ELISA-6939, ELISA-33701, ELISA-VapA, and ELISA-California) and an agar gel immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals was evaluated. Antibody concentrations of foals with culture-confirmed R. equi pneumonia (n = 41) were compared to those of age-matched pasturemates that remained clinically healt...

The majority of infections caused by R. equi occur in hosts with some degree of cell-mediated immunodeficiency. Immunocompetent individuals are infrequently affected and usually present with localized disease. Infections of the skin or related structures are uncommon and are usually related to environmental contamination. The microbiology laboratory plays a key role in the identification of the...

BACKGROUND Bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of Streptococcus equi in nasopharyngeal washes (NPW) and guttural pouch lavage (GPL) samples have low sensitivity. In human diagnostics, processing of samples with flocked swabs has improved recovery rates of bacterial agents because of improved surface area and elution factors. HYPOTHESIS For S. equi su...

Improved understanding of the epidemiology of Streptococcus equi transmission requires sensitive and portable subtyping methods that can rationally discriminate between strains. S. equi is highly homogeneous and cannot be distinguished by multilocus enzyme electrophoretic or multilocus sequence-typing methods that utilize housekeeping genes. However, on sequence analysis of the N-terminal regio...

Let T deno te a con t inuous t ime hor izon and {Gt:teT} be a net (general ized sequence) of Bayesian games. We show that: (i) if {xt: te T} is a net of Bayes ian Nash Equi l ib r ium (BNE) strategies for G t, we can ext rac t a subsequence which converges to a l imit full in fo rmat ion B N E s t ra tegy for a one shot l imit full in fo rmat ion Bayes ian game. (ii) If {xt:t~T} is a net of a p...

In this study, the kinetics of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes were characterized in Babesia equi (Theileria equi)-infected horses. IgGa and IgGb developed during acute infection, whereas IgG(T) was detected only after resolution of acute parasitemia. The same IgG isotype profile induced during acute infection was obtained by equi merozoite antigen 1/saponin immunization.

We study the nonlinear embeddability of Banach spaces and equi-embeddability family Kalton’s interlaced graphs [Formula: see text] into dual spaces. Notably, we define a modification property that call (with text]). show if equi-coarse Lipschitzly embeds text], then Szlenk index is greater than this optimal, i.e. there exists separable space contains equi-Lipschitzly so has text]. prove does no...

We introduce equi-tuning, a novel fine-tuning method that transforms (potentially non-equivariant) pretrained models into group equivariant while incurring minimum L_2 loss between the feature representations of and models. Large can be equi-tuned for different groups to satisfy needs various downstream tasks. Equi-tuned benefit from both equivariance as an inductive bias semantic priors provid...