Involvement of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in inflammatory diseases has been implicated by detection of 3-nitrotyrosine, an allegedly characteristic protein oxidation product, in various inflamed tissues. We show here that nitrite (NO2-), the primary metabolic end product of nitric oxide (NO.), can be oxidized by the heme peroxidases horseradish peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoperoxidase ...

Air pollution has been reported to be associated with increased risks of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Because NO2 is a typical primary air pollutant and an important contributor to secondary aerosols, NO2-induced neuronal functional abnormalities have attracted greater attention, but the available experimental evidence, modulating mechanisms, and targeting medications re...

The mechanism and kinetics underlying reactions between the naturally-occurring antioxidant sinapic acid (SA) and the very damaging ·NO2 and ·OH were investigated through the density functional theory (DFT). Two most possible reaction mechanisms were studied: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and radical adduct formation (RAF). Different reaction channels of neutral and anionic sinapic acid (SA-) sc...

Nitroalkene derivatives of linoleic acid (nitrolinoleic acid; LNO2) and nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) are endogenous lipid products with potent anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic potential of OA-NO2 in a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. B6129SF2/J mice were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 30 min, followed by 24...

In this paper, we propose a system for monitoring abnormal NO2 emissions in troposphere by using remote-sensing sensors. In particular, the system aims at estimating the amount of NO2 resulting from biomass burning by exploiting the synergies between the GOME and the ATSR-2 sensors mounted on board of the ERS-2 satellite. Two different approaches to the estimation of NO2 are proposed: the forme...

The purpose of this study is to perform a global search of the upper troposphere (z≥10 km) for enhancements of nitrogen dioxide and determine their sources. This is the first application of satellite-based limb scattering to study upper tropospheric NO2. We have searched two years (May 2003–May 2005) of OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System) operational NO2concentrations (vers...

Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of a group of highly reactive gasses known as "oxides of nitrogen," or "nitrogen oxides (NOx)." Other nitrogen oxides include nitrous acid and nitric acid. While EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Standard covers this entire group of NOx, NO2 is the component of greatest interest and the indicator for the larger group of nitrogen oxides. NO2 forms...

conclusions atpl was higher in the post-monsoon season. w/s ratio and correlation analysis revealed interseasonal homogeneity of tmv and traffic noise levels and interseasonal heterogeneity of air pollutant concentrations and atpl in the city microenvironments. results atpl was 3.35 times higher in the post-monsoon and 1.83 times higher in the pre-monsoon season than the permissible limits pres...

Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) are metabolic and inflammatory-derived electrophiles that mediate pleiotropic signaling actions. It was hypothesized that NO2-FA would impact mitochondrial redox reactions to induce tissue-protective metabolic shifts in cells. Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) reversibly inhibited complex II-linked respiration in isolated rat heart mitochondria in a pH-dependent manner and su...