OBJECTIVE To determine incidence of and risk factors for adverse events associated with distemper and rabies vaccine administration in ferrets. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 3,587 ferrets that received a rabies or distemper vaccine between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003. PROCEDURES Electronic medical records were searched for possible vaccine-associated adverse events...

BACKGROUND Although rabies represents an important public health threat, it is still a neglected disease in Asia and Africa where it causes tens of thousands of deaths annually despite available human and animal vaccines. In the Central African Republic (CAR), an endemic country for rabies, this disease remains poorly investigated. METHODS To evaluate the extent of the threat that rabies pose...

Different approaches have been applied to develop highly attenuated rabies virus vaccines for oral vaccination of mesocarnivores. One prototype vaccine construct is SAD dIND1, which contains a deletion in the P-gene severely limiting the inhibition of type-1 interferon induction. Immunogenicity studies in foxes and skunks were undertaken to investigate whether this highly attenuated vaccine wou...

215 Rabies vaccines for human use currently are tested for potency by a mouse challenge assay. this test was developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is therefore referred to as the NIH test. Its origins go back to the 1950’s, well before good manufacturing practice (GMP) was established. the NIH test soon was recognized to be highly variable, to consume a large number of animal...

From brain samples collected from domestic animals in Ethiopia, two rabies-related viruses were isolated. According to their reactivity pattern with anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies, they were characterized as Lagos bat virus (isolate Eth-58) and Mokola virus (isolate Eth-16). This classification was confirmed by neutralization experiments with Mokola and Lagos bat specific antisera. Two...

Rabies virus glycoprotein play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease by enabling binding of the virus to the potential receptors at site of inoculation, entry into the neurons, fusion of virus with endosomal membrane, transcription and translation of viral genome, replication , its retrograde transport to higher neurons and production of neutralizing antibodies. The ability of glyc...

R abies is a fatal viral zoonosis and a serious public health problem. 1 The disease is an acute progressive encephalitis caused by a Lyssavirus. Multiple viral variants are maintained in wild mammal populations in the United States. All mammals are believed to be susceptible to the disease, and for purposes of this document, use of the term " animal " refers to mammals. The recommendations in ...

The vaccines that have been the foundation of preventative veterinary medicines until quite recently have not changed fundamentally for over 100 years. These vaccines have been developed by either chemically inactivating the infectious agent or its toxins (to yield bacterins, inactivated viral vaccines or toxoids) or by selecting naturally occurring mutants of wild type agents by passage in an ...

The south-central skunk rabies virus (SCSK) is the most broadly distributed terrestrial viral lineage in North America. Skunk rabies has not been efficiently targeted by oral vaccination campaigns and represents a natural system of pathogen invasion, yielding insights to rabies emergence. In the present study we reconstructed spatiotemporal spread of SCSK in the whole territory of its circulati...