Otak merupakan pusat syaraf yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap respon anak untuk melihat, mendengar, berpikir, dan melakukan gerakan. Terganggunya fungsi kognitif mengakibatkan terhambatnya perkembangan pertumbuhan mempengaruhi kualitas masa depannya khususnya kecerdasannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik dari kombinasi ekstrak herba pegagan (Centella asiatica) daun k...

Hippocampal cell firing in awake, behaving rats is often spatially selective, and such cells have been called place cells. Similar spatial correlates have also been described for neurons in the medial entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. All three regions receive sensory associational input from postrhinal cortex, which, in turn, is heavily interconnected with visuospatial neocortical regions. T...

Entries of and time spent in a novel Y-maze arm that had changed from white (during acquisition trials) to black (during retention trials) were investigated in male and female Long-Evans hooded rats after the apparatus had been horizontally rotated through 180 degrees or left undisturbed. Maze rotation reduced responsiveness to this arm in males but not in females. When each arm was associated ...

Dopamine (DA) within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in modulating the short-term retention of information during working memory tasks. In contrast, little is known about the role of DA in modulating other executive aspects of working memory such as the use of short-term memory to guide action. The present study examined the effects of D1 and D2 receptor blockade in the PFC ...

We compared neuronal activation, as measured by Fos staining, during different spatial tasks in two experiments. The counts of Fos-stained neurons in the hippocampus increased as the spatial demands of the tasks increased, the tasks having been carefully matched for other factors. In Experiment 1, matched groups of rats either ran a standard eight-arm radial maze task or were trained to run up ...

The existence of sex differences in the standard rat and mouse models of learning and memory is a controversial and contested topic in the literature. The present meta-analysis of radial maze and water maze experiments was conducted to assess the reliablility and magnitude of sex effects in the standard rodent models of learning and memory. Data were culled from published and unpublished source...

Temporally graded retrograde amnesia is observed in human patients with medial temporal lobe lesions as well as in animal models of medial temporal lobe lesions. A time-limited role for these structures in memory recall has also been suggested by the observation that the rodent hippocampus and entorhinal cortex are activated during the retrieval of recent but not of remote memories. One notable...