0

background: ramsar (mazandran province) is known for its extremely high levels of natural background radiation. although no excess cancer rate is reported in these areas by epidemiological studies, the study of tumor markers in the inhabitants of these areas may shed some light on the impact of high levels of background radiation on cancer induction. materials and methods: the level of backgrou...

Neurocognitive deficits are serious sequelae that follow cranial irradiation used to treat patients with medulloblastoma and other brain neoplasms. Cranial irradiation causes apoptosis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus leading to cognitive deficits. Valproic acid (VPA) treatment protected hippocampal neurons from radiation-induced damage in both cell culture and animal models. Radiopro...

PURPOSE The current standard of care for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer is a combination of androgen deprivation and radiation therapy. Radiation is typically given with androgen suppression when testosterone levels are at their nadir. Recent reports have shown that androgen stimulation of androgen-deprived prostate cancer cells leads to formation of double-strand breaks (DSB). ...

Although radiotherapy is a part of treatment in cancers, it can also induce malignancy as a late complication. The presence of radiation-induced sarcomas in bone, although not very common, is acknowledged. The onset of radiation-induced sarcoma in the spine however, is not well recognized. We present here a case of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma in the T1 lamina and spinous process in a patient...

three nearly simultaneous events around the end of the 19th century, i.e., the discovery of x‐rays by roentgen in 1895, natural radioactivity by antoine‐henri becquerel in 1896 and isolation of radium by the curies' in 1898 opened the nuclear era which has changed broadly the worlds of physics, biology and medicine. at the close of the 20th century, fundamental discoveries in biology at mo...

Trastuzumab has been widely used for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer, however, it cannot easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is known to increase the incidence of brain metastases. In contrast, lapatinib has a low molecular weight and can cross the BBB and it could be useful to treat brain metastases in patients with HER2-...

Apoptotic and DNA damage endpoints are frequently used as surrogate markers of cancer risk, and have been well-studied in the Trp53+/- mouse model. We report the effect of differing Trp53 gene status on the dose response of ionizing radiation exposures (0.01-2 Gy), with the unique perspective of determining if effects of gene status remain at extended time points. Here we report no difference i...

Ionizing radiation long has been recognized as a cause of cancer. Among environmental cancer risks, radiation is unique in the variety of organs and tissues that it can affect. Numerous epidemiological studies with good dosimetry provide the basis for cancer risk estimation, including quantitative information derived from observed dose-response relationships. The amount of cancer attributable t...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide as a major health concern [1-3]. Radiation therapy plays a central role in the management of breast cancer with its benefit in terms of local control and survival [4-8]. Radiation therapy for breast cancer typically targets the breast or the chestwall and lymph nodes when indicated. Since these targets are located in vicinity of criti...