magnetic resonance imaging (mri) uses a constant magnetic field and radio waves, a non-invasive method for examining tissues, organs and the skeletal system. the advantages and disadvantages of mri is not fully understood. in the computerized tumor (ct) scan, as an invasive method, the x-rays of the body is used for tomography; which different x-ray attenuation coefficient in tissues as well as...

In this study, a personal gamma (γ) spectrometer was developed for use in applications in various fields, such as homeland security and environmental radiation monitoring systems. The prototype consisted of a 3 × 3 × 20 mm³ Ce-doped Gd-Al-Ga-garnet (Ce:GAGG) crystal that was coupled to a Si photomultiplier (SiPM) to measure γ radiation. The γ spectrometer could be accessed remotely via a mobile...

A low-energy (50 kV) X-ray tube used for the stereotactic irradiation of intracranial lesions has been in use since 1999. The unit is calibrated prior to every procedure and during periodic quality assurance (QA) tests. The unit uses an internal and an external scintillation detector to monitor dose as well as a conventional timer. The records of these calibrations were reviewed to see whether ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether children of men and women occupationally exposed to ionising radiation are at increased risk of developing leukaemia or other cancers before their 25th birthday. DESIGN Cohort study of children of nuclear industry employees. SETTING Nuclear establishments operated by the Atomic Energy Authority, Atomic Weapons Establishment, and British Nuclear Fuels. SUBJEC...

BACKGROUND In radiotherapy, temporary translocations of the internal organs and tumor induced by respiratory and cardiac activities can undesirably lead to significantly lower radiation dose on the targeted tumor but more harmful radiation on surrounding healthy tissues. Respiratory and cardiac gated radiotherapy offers a potential solution for the treatment of tumors located in the upper thora...

Anomalously high radiation counts were observed using several different Geiger-Mueller (GM) detectors as well as sodium iodide (NaI) detectors during electrolysis experiments with palladium cathodes in heavy water. These high radiation counts were often observed in codeposition experiments where palladium metal is deposited from a D2O solution onto a copper cathode in the presence of evolving d...

Since the early times of human spaceflight radiation has been, besides the influence of microgravity on the human body, recognized as a main health concern to the astroand cosmonauts. The radiation environment that the crew experiences during a space flight differs significantly to that found on earth due to particles of greater potential for biological damage. High-energetic charged particles,...

Objective: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common diseases. Coronary angiography (CAG) is an important apparatus used to diagnose and treat this disease. Since angiography is performed through exposure to ionizing radiation, it can cause harmful effects induced by double-stranded breaks in DNA which is potentially life-threatening damage. The aim of the present study is to inves...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE It has been reported that cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV-DNA) in plasma was useful in diagnosing and monitoring nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The current study was designed to evaluate the significance of EBV-DNA in monitoring the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to compare with VCA/IgA and EA/IgA. METHODS EBV-DNA, VCA/IgA, and EA/IgA levels in plasma were...

The paper presents an innovative approach towards development of real time dosimetry using a chemical dosimeter for measurement of absorbed radiation dose in the range between 1 and 400 Gy. Saturated chloroform solution in water, a well known chemical dosimeter, is used to demonstrate the concept of online measurement of radiation dose. The measurement approach involves online monitoring of inc...