Rising levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) striking the Earth’s surface have led to numerous studies assessing its inhibitory effects on phytoplankton and periphyton in aquatic systems. Mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have been shown to increase aspects of algal metabolism and compensate for UVR inhibition. An in situ substratum enrichment technique and UV shielding ...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the influence of lead shielding on the dose to female breasts in conventional x-ray lumbar spine imaging. The correlation between the body mass index and the dose received by the breast was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breast surface dose was measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). In the first phase measurements of breast d...

Radiation-shielding glass is utilized in a few applications such as nuclear medicine, (PET) scans, x-rays, or treatment use. Nuclear reactors additionally require shielding from radiation types gamma, and neutron emissions. the exploration industry fields, for example, cyclotron support testing of non-destructive materials, improvement airport x-ray machines. Notwithstanding, radiation-shieldin...

Several papers [1, 2, 3) 2 and Handbooks [4, 5] have been published during the past 20 years dealing with barrier req uirements for shielding against gamma radiation from radium. These publications have usually suggested lead for the barriers because a large proportion of the applications required restricted space and ready transportabi lity of the barrier and gamma-ray source. For h igh-energy...

In this paper, we present the shielding analysis to determine the necessary neutron and photon shielding for a laser-accelerated proton therapy system. Laser-accelerated protons coming out of a solid high-density target have broad energy and angular spectra leading to dose distributions that cannot be directly used for therapeutic applications. A special particle selection and collimation devic...

The Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft, containing the Curiosity rover, was launched to Mars on 26 November 2011, and for most of the 253-day, 560-million-kilometer cruise to Mars, the Radiation Assessment Detector made detailed measurements of the energetic particle radiation environment inside the spacecraft. These data provide insights into the radiation hazards that would be associated with...

Neutrons constitute a major component in the radiation fi eld outside the shielding of particle accelerators. Consequently appropriate neutron dose meters are needed to survey the radiation levels. A thermo-luminescence based neutron dosemeter is used at the UNILAC as well as at the SIS. It has been modifi ed to improve the response for high energetic neutrons (extended range). We report on a t...

background: biological shielding of nuclear reactors has always been a great concern and decreasing the complexity and expense of these installations is of great interest. in this study, we used datolite and galena (daga) minerals for production of a high performance heavy concrete. materials and methods: datolite and galena minerals which can be found in many parts of iran were used in the con...

Titanium alloys have found numerous applications in space research, and nuclear industry and research. Since X-rays constitute an important part of the space radiation environment, numerical simulations of radiation absorption characteristics of titanium alloys were studied in this paper. The photon transport Monte Carlo software was used for determining the energy deposited in titanium samples...

The MuCool Test Area (MTA) is an intense primary beam facility derived directly from the Fermilab Linac to test heat deposition and other technical concerns associated with the liquid hydrogen targets being developed for cooling intense muon beams. In this shielding study the results of Monte Carlo radiation shielding calculations performed using the MARS14 code for the MuCool Test Area and inc...