ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the radiographic efficacy and safety of a non-ionic dimeric and isotonic iodinated contrast medium, iodixanol (320 mgI/ml) and a non-ionic monomer and hypertonic contrast medium, iohexol (300 mgI/ml) in feline cervical myelography. DesignExperimental study AnimalsFive adult healthy cats. ProceduresIodixanol and iohexol were injected into the cerebellomedullary c...

A propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging (PBI) setup using a conventional x-ray source (LFF Cu target) is presented. A virtual x-ray source of 40 x 50 μm was created by using, horizontally, a 6 take-off angle (with the x-ray tube working in the line focus geometry) and, vertically, a 50 μm slit . The sample was set 12 m from the source. Propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast (PB) image ...

We present a numerical tool to compare directly the contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) of the attenuation- and differential phase-contrast signals available from grating-based X-ray imaging for single radiographs. The attenuation projection is differentiated to bring it into a modality comparable to the differential phase projection using a Gaussian derivative filter. A Relative Contrast Gain (RCG) ...

lodinated radiopaque contrast agents are utilized in many of the approximately I million or more cardiac carherenzalions performed each year in the United States. Until recently. the primary agents employed for cardiovascular imaging consisted of diatrizoate sodium or a combination of diatrizoate sodium and various m&urdne salts. These agents are referred to as “ionic” or “idgh osmolar” agent> ...

BACKGROUND Phase-contrast x-ray imaging using an x-ray interferometer has great potential to reveal the structures inside soft tissues, because the sensitivity of this method to hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen is approximately 1000 times higher than that of the absorption-contrast x-ray method. Imaging of vessels is very important to understand the vascular distribution of organs and tum...

To evaluate therapeutic options for the prevention of radiocontrast media (RCM)-induced nephropathy, a model was developed in which rats received NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 10 wk in order to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthetase. This study tests the hypothesis that infusion of an adenosine antagonist before RCM application may avoid the vasoconstrictive response in NO-deplete...

BACKGROUND Non-ionic radiocontrast media (RCM) is rarely associated with hypersensitivity reactions. Premedication of patients who reacted previously to RCM with systemic corticosteroids and/or antihistamines can help reduce recurrent hypersensitivity reactions. However, premedication is still not prescribed in many cases for various reasons. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of o...

Spectroscopic x-ray imaging by means of photon counting detectors has received growing interest during the past years. Critical to the image quality of such devices is their pixel pitch and the sensor material employed. This paper describes the imaging properties of Medipix2 MXR multi-chip assemblies bump bonded to 1 mm thick CdTe sensors. Two systems were investigated with pixel pitches of 110...

Differential phase contrast imaging (DPCI) enables the visualization of soft tissue contrast using X-rays. In this work we introduce a reconstruction framework based on curvelet expansion and sparse regularization for DPCI. We will show that curvelets provide a suitable data representation for DPCI reconstruction that allows preservation of edges as well as an exact analytic representation of t...

X-ray phase-contrast imaging and tomography make use of the refraction of X-rays by the sample in image formation. This provides considerable additional information in the image compared to conventional X-ray imaging methods, which rely solely on X-ray absorption by the sample. Phase-contrast imaging highlights edges and internal boundaries of a sample and is thus complementary to absorption co...