This product is part of the RAND Institute for Civil Justice working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers’ latest findings and to solicit additional peer review. This paper has been peer reviewed but not edited. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a worki...

This product is part of the RAND Health working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit additional peer review. This paper has been peer reviewed but not edited. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND's publ...

Jonathan Caulkins, Ph.D., Heinz School of Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University (and RAND Drug Policy Research Center), specializes in systems analysis of social policy problems, with a focus on issues pertaining to drugs, crime, and violence. He received a B.S. and M.S. in Systems Science from Washington University, an S.M. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Ph.D. in Oper...

This paper tests the PPP hypothesis for the South African rand/ US dollar real exchange rate using a fractional integration framework. The results suggest that the real exchange rate of the South African rand with respect to the US dollar is a highly dependent variable with an order of integration very close to 1. This finding is not affected by the data frequency considered (daily, weekly or m...

Access to health care usually refers to the ease with which an individual can gain entry to or receive needed medical services. RAND research addresses multiple dimensions of access, including: financial access, usually facilitated through health insurance; potential access, usually aided by having a regular health care provider; and realized access, when an individual actually receives needed ...

This product is part of the RAND working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers’ latest findings and to solicit additional peer review. This paper has been peer reviewed but not edited. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND’s publication...

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This product is part of the RAND Public Safety and Justice working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit additional peer review. This paper has been peer reviewed but not edited. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working...