the purposeof this studywas to analyzing factors that effecting on rangeland degradation. statistical population of this research consisted of whole farmer in pirtaj district (n= 1600); from that 120 farmer were selected as sample using cluster sampling. the main tool to collect data was a researcher made questionnaire that content validity of the questionnaire was approved, by a panel of exper...

Pasture and grazing land in the southern central Great Plains is being invaded by woody species, especially eastern redcedar. As a result of plant encroachment, cattle production on native rangeland becoming less profitable because stocking rates must be decreased. Eastern redcedar encroachment can controlled management, herbicide use, prescribed fire, mechanical control mixed species grazing. ...

FAO and World Bank promote livestock rearing as a way of poverty alleviation and food security especially among rural poor. Villagers are usually involved in mixed crop-livestock farming. Interviews with villagers in the HableRud basin revealed that some changes have happened and comparing with past decades, fewer villagers keep livestock. They believed that number of villagers who kept livesto...

Extreme droughts like the recent 2011–2013 drought impacting the central and western United States present a challenge to sustaining livestock ranching operations and the ecosystem goods and services they produce. Wyoming ranchers manage half of this drought-prone state and are at the forefront of this challenge. We examined Wyoming ranchers’ drought management strategies and how ranch characte...

1. Vegetation composition, structure, and life-history 1.1. Composition 1.2. Structure 1.3. Life-History Traits 1.4. Structure and Composition Linkage 2. Ecosystem function 2.1. Structure and Function Linkage 2.2. Diversity and Function Linkage 3. Vegetation classification 3.

A. H. FULLERTON*, K. M. BURNETT , E. A. STEEL, R. L . FLITCROFT, G. R. PESS* , B . E. FEIST* , C. E . TORGERSEN , D. J . MILLER AND B.L. SANDERSON* *NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. USDA Forest Service and Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA, U.S.A. USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Sci...

Management of rangelands, and natural resources in general, has become increasingly complex. There is an atmosphere of increasing expectations for conservation efforts associated with a variety of issues from water quality to endangered species. We argue that many current issues are complex by their nature, which influences how we approach them. We define a complex problem as one that varies in...