backgrounds and aims: p53 gene is regarded important in pathogenesis of different cancers. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of p53 gene codon 72 arg/pro polymorphism in women suffering from breast cancer. materials and methods: a total of 90 patients with breast cancer and 83 matched healthy control women participated in this case-control study. genomic dna was extracted...

tuberculosis is a serious global public health problem and its high prevalence is stron gly associated with the enhancement of drug resistance. in this study we demonstrate a multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (mas)-pcr assay to simultaneously detect mutations in the first and third bases of the embb gene codon 306 atg in ethambutol (emb) resistant isolates of mycobacterium tub...

Non-random usage of synonymous codons, known as “codon bias”, has been described in many organisms, from bacteria to Drosophila, but little is about it phytoplankton. This phenomenon thought be driven by selection for translational efficiency. As the efficacy proportional effective population size, species with large sizes, such phytoplankton, are expected have strong codon bias. To test this, ...

The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the message(for review see 1). However, it's now widely accepted that synonymous codon usage is the primary cause of non-uniform translational elongation rates(1). Synonymous codons are not used with identical frequency. A bias exists in the use ...

We examined a set of 805 cases that underwent DNA sequencing using the FoundationOne Heme (F1H) targeted sequencing panel and gene expression profiling. Known and likely variant calls from the mutational data were analyzed for significant associations with gene expression defined translocation cyclin D (TC) molecular subgroups. The spectrum of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF codon mutations varied across ...

Connexin genes have been shown to restore normal cell growth when transfected into certain tumorigenic cells and thus are considered to form a family of tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we have analyzed mutations of the connexin 37 (Cx37) gene in rat hepatic angiosarcomas induced by vinyl chloride. A total of 25 rat liver tumors (22 hepatic angiosarcomas and 3 hepatocellular carcinomas) w...

Evaluation of the mutational status of KRAS is a crucial step for the correct therapeutic approach in treating advanced colorectal cancer as the identification of wild-type KRAS tumors leads to more specific and less toxic treatments for patients. Although several studies have highlighted the differences between primary and metastatic tumors, the possibility of two or more mutations in the same...

The immutability of the genetic code has been challenged with the successful reassignment of the UAG stop codon to non-natural amino acids in Escherichia coli. In the present study, we demonstrated the in vivo reassignment of the AGG sense codon from arginine to L-homoarginine. As the first step, we engineered a novel variant of the archaeal pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) able to recognize ...