BACKGROUND This work describes a system for identifying event mentions in bio-molecular research abstracts that are either speculative (e.g. analysis of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, where it is not specified whether phosphorylation did or did not occur) or negated (e.g. inhibition of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, where phosphorylation did not occur). The data comes from a standard dataset crea...

1. Introduction Since Broadbent (1954) [1] first conducted a dichotic listening task by simultaneously presenting a pair of similar speech sounds at each ear, many aspects of dichotic listening have been studied, including Kimura's early interpretation from a neurological point of view [2]. In a dichotic listening task, a right-ear advantage is often observed, because language processing takes ...

We aimed to show that the paired N2v (N2 ventral) plateauing cells of the buccal ganglia are important central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons of the Lymnaea feeding system. N2v plateauing is phase-locked to the rest of the CPG network in a slow oscillator (SO)-driven fictive feeding rhythm. The phase of the rhythm is reset by artificially evoked N2v bursts, a characteristic of CPG neurons...

Electrophysiological and pharmacological methods were used to examine the role of glutamate in mediating the excitatory and inhibitory responses produced by the N2v rasp phase neurons on postsynaptic cells of the Lymnaea feeding network. The N2v --> B3 motor neuron excitatory synaptic response could be mimicked by focal or bath application of -glutamate at concentrations of >/=10(-3) M. Quisqua...

Deep-water hermit crabs of the family Parapaguridae can be abundant (up to 20 kg or 1000 hermit crab individuals per haul) in the trawl bycatch collected during South African demersal abundance research surveys. Until recently, only two parapagurid species had been recognized in the bycatch; Parapagurus bouvieri Stebbing, 1910, and Sympagurus dimorphus (Studer, 1883). Detailed examination of nu...

Electron-pair uncertainty relationships of generalized Heisenberg type in quantum mechanics are formulated. They express restrictions imposed by quantum theory on the electron-pair intracule (relative motion) and extracule (centre-of-mass motion) densities in the two complementary spaces by means of the corresponding statistical moments. These relations are shown to reduce to an elementary or H...

Introduction: The Phoenix Lander touched down just before the northern summer solstice at 68.22 N, 234.25 E (areocentric) and operated for 152 sols. The lander is located on patterned ground superimposed on ejecta deposits from the nearby bowl-shaped 10 km Heimdall crater. The robotic arm was able to excavate a dozen trenches on polygon centers, edges, and troughs, exposing and sampling a thin ...

Slipper limpets use different ciliary feeding mechanisms as larvae and adults. Veliger larvae of Crepidula fornicata developed part of the adult feeding apparatus, including ctenidial filaments, neck lobe, and radula, before metamorphosis, but ctenidial feeding did not begin until well after loss of the larval feeding apparatus (velum) at metamorphosis. Earlier initiation of ctenidial feeding b...

“ Joint d#{233}bridement “ is a term introduced by Magnuson (1941) to describe an operation on the knee in which all the accessible synovial membrane, osteophytes, diseased cartilage and abnormal soft tissues are removed in an effort to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Magnuson reported many good results, and Haggart (1947) confirmed the value of the operation ; there has been, however, ...