Peer-to-peer networks have emerged as a relevant architecture for executing scientific computations. However, this kind of networks poses several problems. This thesis addresses the problem of data storage in a peer-to-peer architecture. We consider several distinct behaviors of the participating nodes. To deal with this variety, we use the BAR model, that comprises byzantine, rational, and alt...

This article introduces a model of rationality that combines procedural utility over actions with consequential utility over payo¤s. It applies the model to the Prisoners’ Dilemma and shows that empirically observed cooperative behaviors can be rationally explained by a procedural utility for cooperation. The model characterizes the situations in which cooperation emerges as a Nash equilibrium....

This paper develops a novel methodology for measuring the economic losses resulting from negative health impacts of pesticides while taking into account their role as damage control agent. To this effect production model is presented that takes both impairment caused by on labor units and pest crop enhancing properties pesticides. The supply responses optimal cost adjustments made rational farm...

Two basic approaches to explaining the nature of the mind are the rational and the mechanistic approaches. Rational analyses attempt to characterize the environment and the behavioral outcomes that humans seek to optimize, whereas mechanistic models attempt to simulate human behavior using processes and representations analogous to those used by humans. We compared these approaches with regard ...

Are human perception and decision biases grounded in a form of rationality? You return to your camp after hunting or gathering. You see the grass moving. You do not know the probability that a snake is in the grass. Should you cross the grass — at the risk of being bitten by a snake — or make a long, hence costly, detour? Based on this storyline, we consider a rational decision maker maximizing...