The relationship of speed-of-information-processing (SIP), as derived from reaction times (RTs) on experimental tasks, and intelligence has been extensively studied. SIP is suggested to measure the efficiency with which subjects can perform basic cognitive operations underlying a wide range of intellectual abilities. Observed phenotypic correlations between RT and IQ typically are in the -0.2 t...

On three occasions, 63 adults, ranging in age from 26 to 80 years, all in good health, were tested with three speed of information-processing paradigms (the Stemberg, the Posner, and the Hick), two long-term free-recall tasks, and, as a measure of fluid intelligence, the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) test. Whereas within-condition latencies for the three of the information-processi...

El objetivo del estudio fue valorar la capacidad de planificación, en un contexto visoconstrucción, grupo personas con discapacidad intelectual. Los 70 participantes eran miembros Aura Fundación diagnosticados intelectual moderada y fueron reclutados mediante muestreo intencional. Se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre el cociente no verbal, evaluado las Matrices Progresivas Raven, riqu...

Patients with bilateral lesions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, when performing gambling tasks modeling real-life decision-making, opt for choices that yield high immediate gains in spite of higher future losses. Under the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex is the last brain region to mature, it was examined whether young children would show a similar preference for immediate prospect...

In this paper we assess the presence of assortative mating, gene–environment interaction and the heritability of intelligence in childhood using a twin family design with twins, their siblings and parents from 112 families. We evaluate two competing hypotheses about the cause of assortative mating in intelligence: social homogamy and phenotypic assortment, and their implications for the heritab...

Based on early findings showing low correlations between intelligence test scores and learning on laboratory tasks, psychologists typically have dismissed the role of learning in intelligence and emphasized the role of working memory instead. In 2006, however, B.A. Williams developed a verbal learning task inspired by three-term reinforcement contingencies and reported unexpectedly high correla...

The attentional blink task involves rapid serial presentation of visual stimuli, two of which the participants have to report. The usual finding is that participants are impaired at reporting the second target if it appears in close temporal proximity to the first target. Previous research has shown that the effect is stronger in bilinguals than monolinguals. We investigated whether the differe...

Sixty-three right-handed healthy adolescents and adults in the age range of 13–38 (mean age in years (SD)=21 (6) were recruited through advertisement [38 males (mean age=20 (7) and 25 females (mean age (SD)=22 (6)]. All participants scored above the 10th percentile (IQ estimate over 80) on the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices test of performance intelligence quotient (IQ) (Raven, 1960). (M...

Exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident in the Ukraine could potentially have influenced the neurobehavioral and cognitive performances of exposed children. A cohort study of adolescents who were children at the time of the accident and who subsequently emigrated to Israel was conducted in 1998-2001. A total of 1,629 children (59% of all 2,769 invited) were inc...

This paper reports the effect of chronic high fluoride exposure on children`s intelligence quotient (IQ). In this cross sectional study, two urban communities with similar socio-economic and cultural status but with different levels of fluoride in drinking water, in Kerman province of Iran were studied: Koohbanan City (fluoride 2.38 mg/L), Baft City (fluoride 0.41 mg/L). Study samples consisted...