X-ray imaging techniques that capture variations in the x-ray phase can yield higher contrast images with lower x-ray dose than is possible with conventional absorption radiography. However, the extraction of phase information is often more difficult than the extraction of absorption information and requires a more sophisticated experimental arrangement. We here report a method for three-dimens...

Bone tracking from X-Ray sequences is important for biological and evolutionary applications like motion analysis of species, and also in human health, for example in surgical guidance, study of kinematics, or post-operative implant assessment. Since X-Ray data is 2-dimensional, it does not provide enough information about the 3D position of the bones. C-Arm technology (Fig. 1) reduces this pro...

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of X-ray radiation on some hematological parameters, morphology of red blood cells (RBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) analysis of human blood using computed tomography (CT) scanner. Material and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 5 ml of wholeblood was drawn from vein puncture of 28 healthy people and div...

Heavily obscured accretion is believed to represent an important stage in the growth of supermassive black holes, and to play an important role in shaping the observed spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB). Hard X-ray (E>10keV) selected samples are less affected by absorption than samples selected at lower energies, and are therefore one of the best ways to detect and identify Compton-t...

OBJECTIVES Phase-contrast imaging is a novel X-ray based technique that provides enhanced soft tissue contrast. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of visualizing human carotid arteries by grating-based phase-contrast tomography (PC-CT) at two different experimental set-ups: (i) applying synchrotron radiation and (ii) using a conventional X-ray tube. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fi...

An X-ray computed tomography (CT) model based on the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code was developed for simulation of a cone-beam CT system for industrial applications. The full simulation of the X-ray tube, object, and area detector was considered. The model was validated through comparison with experimental measurements of different test objects. There is good agreement between the simulated and measu...

The aim of this work is to radiologicaly estimate the width, height and depth of bodies of thoracic and lumbal vertebras. Charts of one hundred and seventeen patients with implanted internal fixateur on the thoracic and lumbal spine, between 01.01.2008. and 31.3.2010. at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology - Clinical Centre Sarajevo, were retrieved, and only 14 patients, with totally...

BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of computed tomography (CT) contrast enhancement (CE) on the 3D dose distributions of non-coplanar small field beams in the CyberKnife (CK) treatment planning system (TPS) for the stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). METHODS Twenty-two pre-CE CT treatment plans were recruited to this retrospective plan study. Their post-CE CT plans were based on the ...

The possibility to perform high-sensitivity X-ray phase-contrast imaging with laboratory grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography (gbPC-CT) setups is of great interest for a broad range of high-resolution biomedical applications. However, achieving high sensitivity with laboratory gbPC-CT setups still poses a challenge because several factors such as the reduced flux, the polychromatici...