We have studied the structure and photodissociation of Mg(+)-acetic acid clusters. Ab initio calculations suggest four relatively strongly bound ground state isomers for the [MgC(2)H(4)O(2)](+) complex. These isomers include the cis and trans forms of the Mg(+)-acetic acid association complex with Mg(+) bonded to the carbonyl O atom of acetic acid, the Mg(+)-acetic acid association complex with...

The immunological relation, physicochemical characteristics, and chemical composition of type 19F(19) and 19A(57) within the cross-reactive group 19 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were studied. By using rabbit hyperimmune diagnostic antisera in agglutination, immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation, and absorption assays, extensive cross-antigenicity and cross-immunogenicity were dem...

Ultrathin metal layers can be highly active carbon dioxide electroreduction catalysts, but may also be prone to oxidation. Here we construct a model of graphene confined ultrathin layers of highly reactive metals, taking the synthetic highly reactive tin quantum sheets confined in graphene as an example. The higher electrochemical active area ensures 9 times larger carbon dioxide adsorption cap...

Low-voltage Microgrids can be valuable sources of ancillary services for the Distribution System Operators (DSOs). The aim of this paper was to study if and how multimicrogrids can contribute to Voltage Control (VC) in mediumvoltage distribution grids by means of reactive power generation and/or absorption. The hierarchical control strategy was proposed with the main focus on the tertiary contr...

Optimal reactive control for maximum ocean wave power absorption from Wave Energy Converters (WECs) consisting of oscillating systems, is based on the principle of tuning their oscillation so that it is in resonance with the excitation force produced by the incident waves. Reactive control, however, is non-causal and cannot be implemented in real time. This paper analyses the prediction require...

The absorption and emission of light by biological systems is a dilemma for the research community which remains transfixed upon the bottom-up systems biology approach. Many health care professionals do not yet accept that photosensitivity is an essential aspect of the body’s function. This article highlights that light is often required to activate enzymes and/or proteins in biological systems...

It has been recently proposed that in addition to bacteriorhodopsin, Halobacterium halobium membranes contain a second light-reactive pigment, whose function is the translocation of sodium ions. The evidence is based on the presence of light-driven, uncoupler-insensitive, sodium ion extrusion and light-driven, uncoupler-enhanced, passive proton uptake in cell envelope vesicles prepared from H....

Some patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea have an apparent nonspecific inflammation of colonic mucosa, even though their colons appear normal by barium enema and colonoscopy. This has been referred to as microscopic colitis. However, the significance of this finding is unclear, because the ability of pathologists to accurately distinguish mild degrees of abnormality has not been establishe...

Monoclinic-scheelite BiVO4 has been widely studied as a promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst in artificial photosynthesis. Though significant progress to improve or augment its catalysis performance has been made, fundamental understanding of its relatively poor performance as a bare material is lacking. In this paper, we report the correlation of the surface structure and trap st...

The first liquid-phase synthesis of high-quality, small-sized rare-earth metal nanoparticles (1–3 nm)—ranging from lanthanum as one the largest (187 pm) to scandium smallest (161 metal—is shown. Size, oxidation state, and reactivity are examined (e.g., electron microscopy, spectroscopy, X-ray absorption selected reactions). Whereas highly reactive (e.g. in contact air water), they chemically st...