Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, reactive astrocytes, high levels of metal ions, and upregulated monoamine oxidases are considered to be the primary pathological markers Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among them, Aβ deposition or plaques, is regarded as initial factor in pathogenesis AD a critical hallmark AD. This review highlights recently Aβ-specific fluorescen...

Ischemic stroke is a debilitating neurological disease most commonly resulting from an occlusion within the cerebral vasculature. Ischemia/reperfusion injury oftentimes consequence of stroke, characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and activation surrounding glial cells following restoration blood supply. Astrocytes are regarded as prominent cell in brain and, under pathologic con...

The peptide relaxin has recently been shown to protect brain tissues from the detrimental effects of ischemia. To date, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. In order to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms by which relaxin may protect the brain, we investigated the possibility that relaxin protects astrocytes from hypoxia or oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Cultured astrocytes were pr...