Reading fluency is gaining new recognition as an essential element of every reading program, especially for students who struggle in reading. Reading fluency is one of the defining characteristics of good readers, and a lack of fluency is a common characteristic of poor readers. Differences in reading fluency not only distinguish good readers from poor, but a lack of reading fluency is also a r...

This Brief is a distillation of a report on a major research study comparing graduates of career magnet programs to graduates of comprehensive high schools in a large metropolitan area. The career magnet programs we studied are located either within regular comprehensive high schools or combined with other magnet programs to fill up an entire building. Many of our conclusions are based on compa...

this study was an attempt to investigate whether teaching critical reading strategies had any significant effect on intermediate efl learners’ vocabulary retention. to fulfill the purpose of this study, 72 male and female students within the age range of 17 to 32 years studying at farzan and farzanegan language schools in tehran at intermediate level were selected from a total number of 114 par...

There is increasing interest in extensible systems (such as extensible operating systems, mobile code runtime systems, Internet browsers and servers) that allow external programs to be downloaded and executed directly within the system. While appealing from system design and extensibility points of view, extensible systems are vulnerable to aberrant behaviors of external programs. External prog...

The Horn -calculus is a logic programming language allowing arbitrary nesting of least and greatest fixed points. The Horn -programs can naturally expresses safety and liveness properties for reactive systems. We extend the setbased analysis of classical logic programs by mapping arbitrary -programs into “uniform” -programs. Our two main results are that uniform -programs express regular sets o...

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neuropsychological condition that is characterized by the persistent difficulty in learning to read amongst people with typical education, motivation, and normal intelligence (Goswami, 2006). On the other hand, a recent study (Callens et al., 2012) has pinpointed that when taking the full cognitive profile of students with DD into account, a quite consistent def...

INTRODUCTION A key task of emergency medicine (EM) training programs is to develop a consistent knowledge of core content in recruits with heterogeneous training backgrounds. The traditional model for delivering core content is lecture-based weekly conference; however, a growing body of literature finds this format less effective and less appealing than alternatives. We sought to address this c...

There is an ever-growing emphasis worldwide on increasing access to early childhood care and education programs and generating high-quality educational experiences for children, especially those from lowincome families. Chile is not an exception in this global trend. Although Chile has significantly expanded early education coverage for children from low-income backgrounds, there has been littl...