The labor markets have recovered to the level of activity before the Great Recession. In May 2016, the unemployment rate was 4.7%, the same rate as in November 2007, the last month before the official start date of the Recession. In contrast, output has not converged to the prerecession trend. Figure 1 plots the evolution of the log-level of output (in black) together with the level of potentia...

Much attention has been given to the large increases in safety net spending during the Great Recession. We examine the relationship between poverty, the safety net, and business cycles historically and test whether there has been a significant change in this relationship. We find that post–welfare reform, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families did not respond during the Great Recession and ext...

The trajectory of new business applications and transitions to employer businesses differs markedly during the Great Recession COVID-19 recession. Both start-ups decreased slowly but persistently in post-Lehman crisis period Recession. In contrast, recession, initially declined have since sharply rebounded, resulting a surge 2020. Projected also rise, this is dampened by change composition 2020...

Following the financial crisis that broke in the US and other Western economies in late 2008, there is now serious concern about its impact on the developing countries. The world media almost daily reports scenarios of gloom and doom, with many predicting a deep global recession. This paper critically discusses this and concludes that as far as the developing countries are concerned, a bit more...

objectives: gingival recession can lead to root exposure and discomfort for patients. there are various techniques for root coverage. the aim of this study was to compare the use of gingival unit graft (palatal graft including the marginal gingiva and papillae) with free gingival graft for treatment of localized gingival recession. materials and methods: in this randomized controlled clinical t...

Background In recent years the roles of esthetics and patient comfort have become increasingly important in dentistry. Paralleling this development, the role of root coverage procedures to treat gingival recession has gained more importance in periodontics. Gingival recession and its corollary, root exposure, may result in several undesirable sequelae, including compromised esthetics; root sens...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the economic recession affected the control of tuberculosis in the European Union. METHODS Multivariate regression models were used to quantify the association between gross domestic product, public health expenditure and tuberculosis case detection rates, using data from 21 European Union member states (1991-2012). The estimated changes in case detection attr...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that economic recessions lead to reduced global development assistance for health (DAH). METHODS Data obtained from the Creditor Reporting System of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for 15 OECD countries were used to model the percentage change (relative difference) in commitments and disbursements for DAH as a function of thre...

To perform a systematic review on the effect of changes in incisor inclination owing to orthodontic treatment and the occurrence of gingival recession. PubMed, EMBASE Excerpta Medica and CENTRAL of the Cochrane Library were searched and a hand search was performed. From 1925 articles identified, 17 articles were finally included: six experimental animal studies and 11 retrospective clinical stu...