Homologous recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis in most sexual organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks) made by the Spo11 protein. We review here recent findings pertaining to protein-protein interactions important for DSB formation, the mechanism of an early step in the processing of Spo11-generat...

recently, hua et al. defined a new topological index based on degrees and inverse ofdistances between all pairs of vertices. they named this new graph invariant as reciprocaldegree distance as 1{ , } ( ) ( ( ) ( ))[ ( , )]rdd(g) = u v v g d u  d v d u v , where the d(u,v) denotesthe distance between vertices u and v. in this paper, we compute this topological index forgrassmann graphs.

Reciprocal series are employed to systematically review convolution sums, orthogonality relations, recurrence relations and reciprocal formulae for several classical number sequences, such as binomial coefficients, Stirling numbers, Bernoulli Euler numbers.

illustration, the prime reciprocal of 1/7 is , and the prime reciprocal sequence is considered to be 142857. The period of this sequence is 6. Since the maximum length of the period can be (p-1), this is an example of a maximum-length d-sequence. But a prime reciprocal sequence that is maximum length in one base need not be maximum length in another base. Thus the binary prime reciprocal sequen...

Reciprocal customers may disproportionately improve the performance of markets for experience goods. Reciprocal customers reward (punish) ...rms for providing good (bad) quality by upholding (terminating) the customer relation. This may induce ...rms to provide good quality. Reciprocal customers can be social multipliers in two ways. First, reciprocal customers cause a positive externality for ...

The ability to associate images is the basis for learning relationships involving vision, hearing, tactile sensation, and kinetic motion. A new architecture is described that has only local, recurrent connections, but can directly form global image associations. This architecture has many similarities to the structure of the cerebral cortex, including the division into Brodmann areas, the disti...

The average convergence rate (ACR) measures how fast the approximation error of an evolutionary algorithm converges to zero per generation. It is defined as geometric reduction over consecutive generations. This paper makes a theoretical analysis ACR in continuous optimization. obtained results are summarized follows. According limit property, classified into two categories: (1) linear whose in...

Reciprocal collision avoidance has become a popular area of research over recent years. Approaches have been developed for a variety of dynamic systems ranging from single integrators to car-like, differential-drive, and arbitrary, linear equations of motion. In this paper, we present two contributions. First, we provide a unification of these previous approaches under a single, generalized rep...

This paper is composed of two complementary parts. The first part is a formal investigation into the interplay of properties of reciprocal relations, how monotonicity relates to some natural and intuitive properties, including stochastic transitivity. The goal is to aggregate monotone reciprocal relations on a given set of alternatives. Monotonicity is expressed w.r.t. a linear order on the set...

Monolayer WSe2, a 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs), has been demonstrated as good candidate for potential applications in optoelectronics. It is imperative to know the crystalline quality of WSe2 over wafer scale prior its applications. Azimuthal reflection high-energy electron diffraction (ARHEED) be powerful technique measure symmetry, lattice constants, and in-plane orientation dom...