Heat transfer and laminar fluid flow over backward facing step with and without obstacle numerically studied in this paper. The finite volume method adopted to solve continuity, momentum and energy equations in two dimensions. Backward facing step without obstacle and with different dimension of obstacle were presented. The step height and expansion ratio of channel were 4.8mm and 2 respectivel...

In recipients of rotary blood pumps for cardiac assist, the pulsatility of arterial flow is considerably diminished. This influences the shear stress patterns and streamlines in the arterial bed, with potential influence on washout and plaque growth. These effects may be aggravated in the recirculation area of stenoses, and therefore, exclude patients with atherosclerosis from the therapy with ...

The effects of repeated short episodes of focal ischemia at 30-minute intervals or a single equivalent long episode of focal ischemia on neuronal function and development of cerebral infarction were compared using somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining in a cat model. Seventeen cats underwent transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral ...

Numerical investigation of heat transfer over a backward facing step (BFS), using nanofluids is presented. Different volume fractions of nanoparticles are presented in the base fluid besides different type of nanoparticles have been used. The finite volume technique is used to solve the momentum and energy equations. The distribution of Nusselt number at the top and the bottom walls of the BFS ...

The paper presents the results of modelling thermal cycle of internal combustion engine including exhaust gas recirculation. The test engine can not achieve the optimum parameters of work due to occurrence of the knock combustion. The influence of EGR on the limits of the knock occurrence in the engine was studied. It turned out that few percent of exhaust gases in the fresh charge effectively ...

The continual recirculation of lymphocytes between the blood, tissues, and lymph is essential for the coordination and dissemination of immune responses. We have compared the functional and phenotypic properties of lymphocytes isolated from blood and lymph, the two major migratory populations. Lymph-borne lymphocytes migrated readily into the lymphatic recirculation pathway, but greater than on...

OBJECTIVE Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces neutrophil degranulation and superoxide anion production in vivo. We hypothesized that CPB-associated neutrophil dysregulation alters neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix. METHODS We, therefore, recirculated neutrophils in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing using a roller pump model and thereafter measured a...

The influence of transient forebrain ischemia on the temporal alteration of glutamate receptors in the hippocampal formation was analyzed by means of in vitro quantitative receptor autoradiography. We compared the binding of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors using [3H]3-[+/-)2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), noncompetitive NMDA antagonist binding sites using [3H]N-(1-...

An effective mechanism for rapid and efficient microfluidic particle trapping and concentration is proposed without requiring any mechanically moving parts. When a voltage beyond the threshold atmospheric ionization value is applied on a sharp electrode tip mounted at an angle above a microfluidic liquid chamber, the bulk electrohydrodynamic air thrust that is generated results in interfacial s...

Geographical Information Systems (GISs) can be seen as a common tool to map and visualize the air quality index based on geographical locations. However, in urban areas, the area resolution for air quality models is less than 2 kilometres. Since the main emissions agent in urban areas is predominantly vehicular engines, the situation will become worse when pollutants are trapped between buildin...