Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Innate defenses are essential to the control of pneumococcal infections, and deficient responses can trigger disease in susceptible individuals. Here we showed that flagellin can locally activate innate immunity and thereby increase the resistance to acute pneumonia. Flagellin mucosal treatment improved S. pneumo...

The recombinant protein flagellin A (FlaA) N/C, derived from the flagellin protein of Legionella pneumophila, has been shown to increase the expression of cytoprotective cytokines, activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and increase the survival of mice following total body irradiation. Determi ning whether FlaA N/C has a sensitizing effect on tumor radiation or a direct tumo...

The development of an anti-bacterial drug in the form of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting an exposed virulence factor, represents an innovative therapeutic strategy. Consequently, a fully human IgG1 mAb (LST-007) targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) flagellin type b was recombinantly expressed and characterized in vitro and in an infection model driven by a multidrug resistant (MDR) PA st...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the flagellin central domain coding region (FCD-PCR) was applied to the detection and discrimination of Bacillus subtilis DB9011, a strain with useful functions in agriculture. Cross-reactions were observed in 4 B. subtilis strains with similar flagellin genes (hag). Alignment of partial amino-acid sequences of flagellin and the results of PCR for the 16S/23S...

Background: Multi drug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa consider the main cause of morbidity in hospitalize patients suffering from chronic airway infections such as pulmonary disease, pneumonia and cystic fibrosis (CF). Also, rapidly development antibiotic to last generations a broad spectrum were detected for many isolates. Accordingly vaccines have potential prevent treatment infections. Aim: ...

The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, possesses a sophisticated innate immune system that responds to microbes effectively by swift expression of the highly diverse Sp185/333 gene family. The Sp185/333 proteins are predicted to have anti-pathogen functions based on inducible gene expression and their significant sequence diversity. Sp185/333 proteins are all predicted to be intr...

BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), highly expressed by keratinocytes in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis patients and bronchial epithelial cells in asthma, plays a key role in allergic diseases. Information on triggers for the release of TSLP in keratinocytes is still limited. Keratinocytes express Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, the ligand for which is flagellin, the major structural...

Chronic periodontitis is caused by interactions between the oral polymicrobial community and host factors. Periodontal diseases are associated with dysbiotic shift in oral microbiota. Vaccination against periodontopathic bacteria could be a fundamental therapeutic to modulate polymicrobial biofilms. Because oral cavity is the site of periodontopathic bacterial colonization, mucosal vaccines sho...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate antimicrobial gene expression in response to detection of specific bacterial products. Relatively little is known about TLR5, the only TLR thought to be preferentially expressed by epithelial cells, beyond that it confers activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in a MyD-88 dependent manner in response to flagellin. Because TLRs, in general, are also ...

Mutational, phylogenetic, and structural modeling approaches were combined to develop a general method to study leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and were used to identify residues within the Arabidopsis thaliana FLAGELLIN-SENSING2 (FLS2) LRR that contribute to flagellin perception. FLS2 is a transmembrane receptor kinase that binds bacterial flagellin or a flagellin-based flg22 peptide through...