In the fish farming business, feed is highest operational cost, which reaches more than 60% of total production cost. Therefore, can be processed independently to reduce costs in aquaculture businesses. This study aimed determine survival rate and efficiency red tilapia (Oreochromis sp) fed artificial with addition seaweed (Gracilaria sp). research was carried out from June September 2021 at In...

Photosynthesis in plants is a very complicated process, utilizing two photosystems in series to carry out the very energy-demanding process of oxidizing water to molecular oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide to organic compounds. The first photosynthetic organisms, living more than 3.4, perhaps even 3.8 Ga, i.e. American billion (10) years ago, carried out a simpler process, without oxygen produ...

This paper presents the alkaloids found in green, brown and red marine algae. Algal chemistry has interested many researchers in order to develop new drugs, as algae include compounds with functional groups which are characteristic from this particular source. Among these compounds, alkaloids present special interest because of their pharmacological activities. Alkaloid chemistry has been widel...

The integration of foreign DNA into algal and plant plastid genomes is a rare event, with only a few known examples of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Plasmids, which are well-studied drivers of HGT in prokaryotes, have been reported previously in red algae (Rhodophyta). However, the distribution of these mobile DNA elements and their sites of integration into the plastid (ptDNA), mitochondrial...

Plastids (photosynthetic organelles of plants and algae) are known to have spread between eukaryotic lineages by secondary endosymbiosis, that is, by the uptake of a eukaryotic alga by another eukaryote. But the number of times this has taken place is controversial. This is particularly so in the case of eukaryotes with plastids derived from red algae, which are numerous and diverse. Despite th...

Fast globalization and modern lifestyles have affected our eating habits replaced them with fast food. food is not the same as traditional but can be served it has serious disadvantages especially in terms of human health. Seaweed said to a marine macroalgae that thrives estuaries' shallow waters, countercurrents go down depth 80 metres where there little photosynthetic light. many benefits. Wi...

Land plant phytochromes perceive red and far-red light to control growth and development, using the linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore phytochromobilin (PΦB). Phytochromes from streptophyte algae, sister species to land plants, instead use phycocyanobilin (PCB). PCB and PΦB are synthesized by different ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs): PΦB is synthesized by HY2, whereas PCB is...