The adjoint of an ocean general circulation model is used as a tool for investigating the causes of changes in ENSO SST indices. We identify adjoint Kelvin and Rossby waves in the sensitivities to sea level and wind stress at earlier times, which can be traced back for more than a year through western and weak eastern boundary reeections. Depending on the thermocline depth the rst and second ba...

Our overall, long-term goal is to significantly advance our understanding of the light scattering properties of marine particles as well as their general optical properties. Our goal is to study particle optical properties using a unique set of new optical instruments that we have developed on previous ONR funded projects. Observational studies will be conducted at sea in various coastal waters...

The ocean is fundamentally important to many areas of modern society and thus improved knowledge of the ocean is essential. Ocean scientists have made remarkable progress in observation technology, modeling and assimilation in physical oceanography, acoustics, and biology. To some extent, such advances have been confined to each discipline. Therefore a great demand has arisen for a modern distr...

The Makran Coast (Iranian Coastline of the Oman Sea on the Northern Indian Ocean) plays an important role in country’s future navigation and trade due to its accessibility. In 2014, the Iranian Makran coastline was selected by the PMO to be studied as the Phase 6 in the series of Monitoring and Modelling Studies of Iranian Coasts with all disciplines being in investigated including currents. Al...

Our overall, long-term goal is to significantly advance our understanding of the light scattering properties of marine particles as well as their general optical properties. Our goal is to study particle optical properties using a unique set of new optical instruments that we have developed on previous ONR funded projects. Observational studies will be conducted at sea in various coastal waters...

This study investigates the capability of high and medium spatial resolution ocean color satellite data to monitor transport suspended particulate matter (SPM) along a continuum from river mouth plume. An existing switching algorithm combining use green, red near-infrared wavebands was improved retrieve SPM concentrations over very wide range (from 1 more than 1000 g.m−3) encountered such conti...

Study of the beam propagation behavior through oceanic media is a challenging subject. In this paper, based on generalized Collins integral, the mean irradiance profile of Gaussian laser beam propagation through ocean is investigated. Power In Special Bucket (PIB) is calculated. Using analytical expressions and calculating seawater transmission, the effects of absorption and scattering on beam ...

Open-ocean ecosystems experienced profound disruptions to biodiversity and ecological structure during the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction about 66 million years ago1–3. It has been suggested that during this mass extinction, a collapse of phytoplankton production rippled up the food chain, causing the wholesale loss of consumers and top predators3–5. Pelagic fish represent a key trophic ...