In this paper we present and analyze spreading-parallel seismic transects that image the oceanic crust in eastern Gulf of Aden, from Oman to Socotra margins, across active Sheba mid-oceanic ridge between Socotra-Hadbeen Eastern Aden Fracture Zones. The correlation potential field data sets gravity modelling allow us document spreading history basin onset seafloor ∼16 Ma-ago present. Two main su...

Oceanic mesoscale eddies with horizontal scales of 50-300 km are the most energetic form of flows in the ocean. They are the oceanic analogues of atmospheric storms and are effective transporters of heat, nutrients, dissolved carbon, and other biochemical materials in the ocean. Although oceanic eddies have been ubiquitously observed in the world oceans since 1960s, our understanding of their t...

During northern warm seasons, the overhead sun moves northward across the equator to the Northern Hemisphere. Because of the decrease in the meridional thermal gradients, particularly in midlatitudes, the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation becomes less rigorous in its intensity. In spite of this seasonal change, certain circulation elements still distinctly stand out. As shown in Fig. 1a, t...

Patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on interannual and longer timescales result from a combination of atmospheric and oceanic processes. These SST anomaly patterns may be due to intrinsic modes of atmospheric circulation variability that imprint themselves upon the SST field mainly via surface energy fluxes. Examples include SST fluctuations in the Southern Ocean associated wi...

Bermuda is an isolated oceanic island situated 1000 km ESE of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Fig. 1, inset). Its volcanic core, last active during the Oligocene (Reynolds & Aumento, 1974), was probably subaerial for some of its existence because rare basaltic pebbles and a small percentage of volcanic grains have been found in surface deposits. Apart from the initial volcanic origin of Bermuda,...

Various observation- and reanalysis-based estimates of sea ice mass and ocean heat content trends imply that the energy imbalance of the Arctic climate system was similar [1.0 (0.9,1.2) Wm-2] to the global ocean average during the 2000-2015 period. Most of this extra heat warmed the ocean, and a comparatively small fraction went into sea ice melt. Poleward energy transports and radiation contri...

The two-branched inflow of warm and saline Atlantic Water to the Arctic is the major contributor of oceanic heat to the Arctic climate system. However, while the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic through the Fram Strait retains a large part of its heat as it flows along the Arctic continental slope, the branch flowing through the shallow Barents Sea releases a substantial amount of heat to the...

Title of Document: MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS IN A MULTI-SCALE FRAMEWORK Lei Zhou, Ph. D., 2009 Directed By: Prof. Murtugudde, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences/ESSIC The ocean-atmosphere coupling can play a role in initiating and sustaining the Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJOs), which are the major intraseasonal oscillations in the atmospher...

Both Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) satellite observations suggest that the narrow heterogeneous Red Sea coastal region is a frequent source of airborne dust that, because of its proximity, directly affects the Red Sea and coastal urban centers. The potential of soils to be suspended as airborne mineral dust depen...