ly coal combustion, are major contributors to air pollution. Concentrations of suspended particles and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the air of many cities in developing countries exceed World Health Organization standards1. The effects of this pollution on human health can be devastating and in the most seriously affected countries the economic costs are estimated to be a significant percentage of G...

One of the obstacles preventing the Zigbee protocol from being widely used is the excessive power consumption of Zigbee devices in low bandwidth and low power requirement applications. This paper proposes a protocol that resolves the power efficiency problem. The proposed protocol reduces the power consumption of Zigbee devices in beacon-enabled networks without increasing the time taken by Zig...

Dedicated to my beloved family v Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor Prof. Nur A. Touba for his continuous support and guidance during the course of my PhD. I have always admired his clarity of thought and command over the subject and understanding. The high standards he sets for research are an inspiration for me. I would like to thank Prof. Margarida MacDonald for agreeing to be ...

We introduce low-overhead power optimization techniques to reduce leakage power in embedded processors. Our techniques improve previous work by a) taking into account idle time distribution for different execution units, and b) using instruction decode and control dependencies to wakeup the gated (but needed) units as soon as possible. We take into account idle time distribution per execution u...

Dynamic power is the main source of power consumption in CMOS circuits. It depends on the square of the supply voltage. It may significantly be reduced by scaling down the supply voltage of some computational elements in the circuit, with the penalty of an increase of their execution delay. To reduce the dynamic power consumption, without degrading the performance determined assuming that the c...

Current trend of technology scaling makes it possible to put a huge number of transistors on a single die. While dynamic power consumption can benefit from technology scaling, static power consumption get worse, thus making the latter the dominant factor of power consumption in future microprocessors system. As on-chip cache memories require the most part of chip area and number of transistors,...

Runtime leakage control is gaining in importance, and recent work has demonstrated the possibility of reducing leakage via synthesis and post-synthesis optimizations. These techniques utilize the leakage dependence on state vectors and synthesis the circuit that minimizes power of the most-likely circuit configuration using state probabilities. In this paper we provide empirical evidence using ...

Photosyntlhesis is presently conceived as a cooperation between 2 photoacts, photosystem I generating a strong reductant and a weak oxidant, photosystem II generating a srong oxidant (yielding O2) and a weak reductant. Coupling between the 2 photosteps presumably occurs between the weak reductant and the weak oxidant, a step possibly generating high energy phosphate. A number of means are avail...

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, phytochemical studies and thin layer chromatography analysis of machine oil, hexane extract of seed oil and methanol extract of presscake& latex of Jatropha curcas Linn (family Euphorbiaceae). Materials and Methods: J. curcas extracts were subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening to detect the major phytochem...

Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) belongs tothe Verbenaceae (shahpasand) family. L.citriodora is chemical  composition of the leaves plant have antimicrobial properties, refrigerant, anti-headaches one-sided, anti- pains nerve and housing, carminative, helping to digestion, relaxation, dizziness, colds therapy,  memory Booster and etc.  In this study, phenolic compounds of <em...