background: various studies show an association between lack of social skills in adolescents and the future incidence of behavioral disorders. if girls, as future mothers, lack adequate health, awareness, self confidence and social skills, they may act as a source of many social problems. therefore, the present study has tried to educate this group on one of the most essential social skills, re...

The article considers atypical responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by Christian leaders. In a three-fold classification it first identifies retreat from civic life in resistance lock-down restrictions on places of worship, demanding reopening extreme readings rights religious freedom, and refusal mandatory mask-wearing. A second groups as ‘rebuke’ spiritual warfare approaches within prosperity g...

When do mediators say “no” and refuse to manage an escalating conflict, even if they meet all of the prerequisites for jumpstarting a peacemaking process? Empirical studies date have focused primarily on factors that facilitate start mediation efforts. Surprisingly, very little is known about reasons motivate third parties' refusal engage. Working against backdrop conceptual frameworks indicate...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Parental concerns may contribute to immunization refusals and low infant immunization rates. Little knowledge is available about how often and why parents refuse immunizations for their children. This study was conducted to estimate, based on reports from health care providers and parents, the frequency of and reasons for immunization refusal. METHODS In 1998, we con...

This issue's "Legal Briefing" column covers legal developments pertaining to conscience clauses and conscientious refusal. Not only has this topic been the subject of recent articles in this journal, but it has also been the subject of numerous public and professional discussions. Over the past several months, conscientious refusal disputes have had an unusually high profile not only in courtho...

This pilot study explores the reasons patients have for refusing chemotherapy, and the ways oncologists respond to them. Our hypothesis, generated from interviews with patients and oncologists, is that an ethical approach that views a refusal as an autonomous choice, in which patients are informed about the pros and cons of treatment and have to decide by weighing them, is not sufficient. A dif...

Interpretation and Partition Refinement for Model CheckingD. R. DamsFaculty of Mathematics and Computing Science, TUE, 1996-13 Topological Dualities in SemanticsM. M. BonsangueFaculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, VUA, 1996-14 Algorithms for Graphs of Small TreewidthB. L. E. de FluiterFaculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, UU, 1997-01 Process-algebraic Trans...

In the recent medical ethics literature, several authors have recommended terminal sedation and refusal of hydration and nutrition as important, morally acceptable, and relatively uncontroversial treatment options for end-of-life suffering. However, not all authors use these terms to refer to the same practices. This paper examines the various ways that the terms terminal sedation and refusal o...