Objectives To identify the policies of major pharmaceutical companies on transparency of trials, to extract structured data detailing each companies' commitments, and to assess concordance with ethical and professional guidance.Design Structured audit.Setting Pharmaceutical companies, worldwide.Participants 42 pharmaceutical companies.Main outcome measures Companies' commitments on sharing summ...

BACKGROUND The requirements of the health policy and services journals for authors to report their financial and non-financial conflicts of interest (COI) are unclear. The present article aims to assess the requirements of health policy and services journals for authors to disclose their financial and non-financial COIs. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of journals listed by the Web of...

INTRODUCTION According to the Declaration of Helsinki and other guidelines, clinical studies should be approved by a research ethics committee and seek valid informed consent from the participants. Editors of medical journals are encouraged by the ICMJE and COPE to include requirements for these principles in the journal's instructions for authors. This study assessed the editorial policies of ...

The commercial drivers of the obesity epidemic are so influential that obesity can be considered a robust sign of commercial success - consumers are buying more food, more cars and more energy-saving machines. It is unlikely that these powerful economic forces will change sufficiently in response to consumer desires to eat less and move more or corporate desires to be more socially responsible....

To predict the effects of governmental control policies regarding transportation, macro-level simulation is often used. However, macro-level simulation cannot capture the decision making of individual actors involved in a transport chain. In this paper we discuss how a micro-level simulator, called TAPAS (Transportation And Production Agent-based Simulator), which is based on agent technology c...

the adoption and use of digital forms of direct-to-consumer advertising (also known as “edtca”) is on the rise. at the same time, the universe of edtca is expanding, as technology on internet-based platforms continues to evolve, from static websites, to social media, and nearly ubiquitous use of mobile devices. however, little is known about how this unique form of pharmaceutical marketing impa...

BACKGROUND The mortality results of policies on insured lives with elevated blood pressure have been the subject of several studies since the early 20th century. This study, which began with issues of 1989, utilizes data from the Impairment Study Capture System (ISCS). Data are also compiled for impairments other than elevated blood pressure in the ISCS for the same study period. A comparison o...

This series presents research findings based either directly on data from the German SocioEconomic Panel Study (SOEP) or using SOEP data as part of an internationally comparable data set (e.g. CNEF, ECHP, LIS, LWS, CHER/PACO). SOEP is a truly multidisciplinary household panel study covering a wide range of social and The decision to publish a submission in SOEPpapers is made by a board of edito...

State officials responsible for the regulation of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations used in the production of oil and gas resources will inevitably confront a key policy issue; that is, to what extent can statewide regulations be developed without reducing land use autonomy typically exercised by local officials? Most state regulators have historically recognized the economic importanc...

We present an analytical framework for providing Quality of Service (QoS) using queuing policies that achieves a given target distribution of packets in a network queue. Queuing policies are employed in an attempt to control the sending and receiving rates subject to the uncertainties in the environments. To a large extent, the stationary distribution of packets in the queue resulted from emplo...