Pathogen-tested foundation plant stocks are the cornerstone of sustainable specialty crop production. They provide propagative units that used to produce clean planting materials, which essential as first-line management option diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens such viruses, viroids, bacteria, and phytoplasmas. In United States, efforts produce, maintain, distribute pathogen-test...

Amidst COVID-19 crisis and further into aftermath of the hyper-connected hyper-virialised current societies, nation-state borders seem to be at stake (Calzada, 2021). The social economic effects pandemic are profound pervasive for

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been applied successfully in solving the Traveling Salesman Problem. Marco Dorigo et al. used Ant System (AS) to explore the Symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem and found that the use of a small number of elitist ants can improve algorithm performance. The elitist ants take advantage of global knowledge of the best tour found to date and reinforce this tour wi...

The fatigue state of the semi-closed noise barrier directly affects driving safety, and replacement after damage leads to train delays increased operating costs. It is more eco-friendly sustainable predict life barriers reinforce structure in time. However, previous prediction methods provide a limited reference design stage. In this study, novel method for was proposed. computational fluid dyn...

Marco Dorigo et al. used Ant System (AS) to explore the Symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem and found that the use of a small number of elitist ants can improve algorithm performance. The elitist ants take advantage of global knowledge of the best tour found to date and reinforce this tour with pheromone in order to focus future searches more effectively. This paper discusses an alternative ap...

Abstract The Both bonded and unbonded prestressing tendons may be used to reinforce post-tensioned (PT) concrete members. binding state of have an impact on how well different types PT elements function in flexural shear loads. Inverted-U shape reinforcement was experimentally enhance the behavior structural elements. obtained results confirmed proposed model’s accuracy for both slabs beams (bo...