Formalizations of commonsense knowledge rely on highly simplified representations of the world. After a conclusion is justified on the basis of one such representation in a nonmonotonic logic, it may not remain valid when additional relevant facts are taken into account to bring the formalization to a closer approximation of reality. However, if the conclusion continues to hold in the enriched ...

Contributing with and using knowledge is a communication process among the organization’s actors. As a communication process, the transfer of knowledge among actors can only be effective if there is a common interpretive focus and context where they can understand each other and communicate. The concept of context plays an important role in collaboration, specially on what is concerned to facil...

We explore optimization methods for planning the placement, sizing and operations of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices installed into the grid to relieve congestion created by load growth or fluctuations of intermittent renewable generation. We limit our selection of FACTS devices to those that can be represented by modification of the inductance of the transmissi...

Recommender systems have explored a range of implicit feedback approaches to capture users’ current interests and preferences without intervention of users’ work. However, the problem of implicit feedback elicit negative feedback, because users mainly target information they want. Therefore, there have been few studies to test how effective negative implicit feedback is to personalize informati...

The authors sought to further validate a cigarette purchase task (CPT), a self-report analogue of a progressive-ratio operant schedule, for the assessment of the relative reinforcing efficacy (RRE) of nicotine in smokers. The measure was assessed in terms of its correspondence to typically observed operant behavior, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Participants were 33 individuals (...

A key feature of the selective breeding program that produced alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats is that the alcohol was mixed with water. However, humans typically drink sweetened or palatably flavored alcohol. The experiments in this study tested whether the differences in P and NP rats generalize to sweetened alcohol. In Experiment 1, P rats drank more alcohol than NP...