BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the nervous system that has profound effects on everyday functioning and quality of life of not only the person who is diagnosed, but also her/his family and acquaintances. Despite this, the uncertainties of the actual etiological basis of MS make it difficult to reach a conclusive statement about the optimal therapeutic management of the disea...

Histamine has a long history of therapeutic use in many diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, transdermal histamine has been successfully employed for the amelioration of symptoms of both relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis. This paper summarizes preliminary experiences with transdermal histamine for MS at the Tahoma Clinic: 67 percent of 55 patients using hi...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of interferon beta (IFN beta) is well established in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the use of this drug in clinical practice is complex, especially because it is only partially effective, its long term efficacy and side effects are unknown, its efficacy may be abrogated by the development of neutralising antibodies, compliance is variable, and its...

Glatiramer acetate (GA) is one of the most widely used disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; is assumed to have inductor effects on neurotrophic factor expression. One of these neurotrophic factor systems is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) pathway. Peripheral blood is thought to contain soluble BDNF, a...

Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF), also known as gastroresistant DMF, is the most recently approved oral disease-modifying treatment (DMT) for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Two randomized clinical trials (Determination of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Fumarate in Relapsing-Remitting MS [DEFINE] and Comparator and an Oral Fumarate in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [CONFIRM]) demo...

OBJECTIVE The Escala Study evidenced that the administration of glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis improved the spasticity of patients previously treated with interferon-β. However, whether such an improvement was translated into cost savings remained unclear. We therefore conducted a cost analysis of glatiramer acetate versus interferon-β in these patients with multi...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a rodent model of multiple sclerosis that is executed in animals by immunization with myelin Ag in adjuvant. The SJL/J autoimmune-prone strain of mouse has been used to model relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, significant variations in peak scores, timing of onset, and incidence are observed among laboratories, with the postacute ...

BACKGROUND Natalizumab disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is efficacious in randomized controlled trials. Few studies have estimated the association between real-world natalizumab persistence behavior and relapse-related outcomes. OBJECTIVES To (a) examine the impact of using natalizumab consistently (i.e., persistent) on relapse-related outcomes as comp...

BACKGROUND Since 1997, immunological modulators have been used for treatment of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) in the Multiple Sclerosis Attendance and Treatment Center (CATEM) with significant alterations in this disease natural history. AIM To add data on the experience of CATEM for the treatment of RRMS patients that had immunomodulators. METHOD RRMS patients that received...

Studies of planning ability typically involve some version of the Tower of Hanoi or Tower of London (TOL). When these tests are administered to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the findings pertaining to planning "performance" have been conflicting. Possible reasons for failures to find deficits in planning performance among MS patients are: (a) the patients typically have relapsing-remit...