the caspian basin in its old geopolitical situation under the soviet :union: was located in the buffer zone between two spheres of influence of the two superpowers. after the fall of the soviet :union: followed by the rise of new structures and three new states in the region, new relations, however, prevailed among the areas of geography, power and politics in the region. these new relations in...

Nearly four decades after Iranian-Egyptian diplomatic relations were severed, the two countries are yet to restore them. This is a result of the predominance of certain negative emotional attachments embedded in Iranian and Egyptian identities, which have clouded their respective attitudes toward one another. Mired in resentment against Arabism, the national component of the Iranian state ident...

extended abstract 1.introduction relationship pattern has a complex, combinational and also intelligible nature in the current geopolitical structure of the world. civilizations’ relations together and civilization interactions include: engagement, competition and conflict in a range of geopolitical treatment pattern. some of spatial values which originated challenges among region country have ...

in the era of globalization, particularly, since early 1990s, economies around the world have been affected considerably by co-movements in one or more countries. in the literature this phenomenon is recognized as synchronization in business cycles, while joint policies being conducted by trading partners can modify such effects properly. the objective of this paper has been to evaluate a possi...