OBJECTIVE This administrative data-linkage cohort study examines the association between prison crowding and the rate of post-release parole violations in a random sample of prisoners released with parole conditions in California, for an observation period of two years (January 2003 through December 2004). BACKGROUND Crowding overextends prison resources needed to adequately protect inmates a...

In crowding, the perception of an object deteriorates in the presence of nearby elements. Obviously, crowding is a ubiquitous phenomenon, as elements are rarely seen in isolation. One of the main characteristics of crowding is that the elements themselves are not rendered invisible, but their features are averaged[1] or substituted[2] with those of neighboring elements. Recently, Harrison and B...

INTRODUCTION The state of emergency department (ED) crowding in Pennsylvania has not previously been reported. METHODS We assessed perceptions of ED crowding by surveying medical directors/chairs from Pennsylvania EDs in the spring of 2008. RESULTS A total of 106 completed the questionnaire (68% response rate). A total of 83% (86/104) agreed that ED crowding was a problem; 26% (27/105) repo...

Despite growing research for residential crowding effects on housing market and public health perspectives, relatively little attention has been paid to explore and model spatial patterns of residential crowding over space. This paper focuses upon analyzing the spatial relationships between residential crowding and socio-demographic variables in Alexandria neighborhoods, Egypt. Global and local...

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of permanent incisor crowding in the maxillary and mandibular arches among Saudi schoolchildren. Three hundred and fifty four dental casts of Saudi schoolchildren attending pediatric dentistry and orthodontic clinics in College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were studied by one examiner. The children’s age rang...

introduction: creating a calm and stress-free environment affects education significantly. the effects of the emergency department overcrowding (edo) on the training of emergency medicine residents (emr) is a highly debated subject. therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of edo on efficiency of emr’s education. methods: in this cross-sectional study, the effects of overcrowding on e...

The transcription factor NF-κB shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and nuclear NF-κB is known to oscillate with a cycle of 1.5-2.5 h following the application of external stimuli. Oscillation pattern of NF-κB is implicated in regulation of the gene expression profile. In a previous report, we found that the oscillation pattern of nuclear NF-κB in a computational 3D spherical cell wa...

Peripheral vision is characterized by reduced spatial resolution and inhibitory spatial interactions that extend over long distances. This work had three goals. (1) We considered whether the extensive crowding in peripheral vision is a consequence of a shift in the spatial scale of analysis. To test this, using a large range of target sizes and spatial frequencies, we measured the extent of cro...

BACKGROUND Dental crowding is the one of the most frequently encountered problem for an orthodontist. The relationship between crowding and various skeletal, dental and soft tissue parameters is important to establish and consider during the overall orthodontic treatment planning. This study aimed to determine the correlation of maxillary and mandibular base lengths with dental arch crowding in...