This is a review of a multiscale approach to the physics of ion-beam cancer therapy, an approach suggested in order to understand the interplay of a large number of phenomena involved in the radiation damage scenario occurring on a range of temporal, spatial, and energy scales. We describe different effects that take place on different scales and play major roles in the scenario of interaction ...

The decline of freshwater fish biodiversity corroborates the trends of unsustainable pesticide usage and increase of disease incidence in the last few decades. Little is known about the role of nonlethal exposure to pesticide, which is not uncommon, and concurrent infection of opportunistic pathogens in species decline. Moreover, preventative measures based on current knowledge of stress biolog...

Relative survival assesses the effects of prognostic factors on disease-specific mortality when the cause of death is uncertain or unavailable. It provides an estimate of patients' survival, allowing for the effects of other independent causes of death. Regression-based relative survival models are commonly used in population-based studies to model the effects of some prognostic factors and to ...

An increase in melanoma incidence in the Slovak Republic (SR) is evident during approximately the same time and maybe caused by changes in socio-economic status. The paper analyses national trends in incidence, mortality, survival and clinical stages of invasive cutaneous melanoma in the SR from 1968-2007. The trends in incidence and mortality have been extracted between 1968-2007 period by the...

Microcosm studies have been carried out to find out the relative survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in a tropical estuary. Survival has been assessed in relation to the important self-purifying parameters such as biotic factors contained in the estuarine water, toxicity due to the dissolved organic and antibiotic substances in the water and the sunlight. The results reveale...

Experiences of migratory species in one habitat may affect their survival in the next habitat, in what is known as carryover effects. These effects are especially relevant for understanding how freshwater experience affects survival in anadromous fishes. Here, we study the carryover effects of juvenile salmon passage through a hydropower system (Snake and Columbia rivers, northwestern United St...

Background and Aim: In recent decades, the survival rates of the children with cancer have improved significantly and their five-year survival rates have reached 80%, but there are still many concerns about the survival of adolescents and young people. Methods and Materials: In this retrospective study, the data of 310 children and adults with leukemia in Kurdistan Province were extracted from...

Lactococcosis has been defined as acute septicaemia, which causes economic losses in farmed fish, especially in rainbow trout. This study was done to evaluate the effects of Satureja bachtiarica and Nigella sativa essential oils on the efficacy of lactococcosis vaccine in rainbow trout. A total number of 270 fishes with a mean average of 120 g were obtained; they were randomly divided into nine...