Abstract Real-world data (RWD) from electronic health records (EHRs) and administrative claims databases are used increasingly to generate real-world evidence (RWE). RWE is support clinical packages for medicines that inform decision-makers. In this review of current issues in the use RWD-derived external comparator groups regulatory filings, we assess a series topics generally apply across man...

Adverse environmental conditions restrict the productivity and the range of habitats available to plants. This represents a severe economic constraint on agricultural production. Plants as sessile organisms have evolved a wide spectrum of adaptations to cope with the challenges of environmental stress. Quite often, however, adaptation mechanisms themselves adversely affect yield parameters, and...

drought, ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric co2 are some three environmental factors that seriously affect future food security. the objective followed in the present research was to study the effect of two levels of carbon dioxide (400 and 900 ppm), ultraviolet radiation (uv a, b and c with intensities of 18, 25 and 40 microw.cm-2 respectively) and water deficit (%100 and %60 of field capac...

The early (2-4 d) effects of slowly imposed soil water deficit on Lupinus albus photosynthetic performance, carbon metabolism, and hormonal balance in different organs (leaf blade, stem stele, stem cortex, and root) were evaluated on 23-d-old plants (growth chamber assay). Our work shows that several metabolic adjustments occurred prior to alteration of the plant water status, implying that wat...

The transcriptome of Thinopyrum elongatum under water deficit stress was analyzed using RNA-Seq technology. The results showed that genes involved in processes of amplification of stress signaling, reductions in oxidative damage, creation of protectants, and roots development were expressed differently, which played an important role in the response to water deficit. The Th. elongatum transcrip...

To cope with droughts and water scarcity in semi-arid to sub-humid climates require the development of preparedness measures. For irrigated agriculture these include the identification of irrigation scheduling strategies that minimize the water demand with acceptable impacts on yields Those strategies may be produced by simulation and focus on different levels of water demand, from average to d...

introduction: nowadays, due to lack of water resources and increasing demand for water, agricultural water planning issues need further consideration. with proper planning and determination of irrigation depth and time, the effects of stress and yield loss on the plants are reduced. irrigation scheduling is one of the most important factors in crop’s quality and quantity. the main objective of ...

in order to identify drought stress tolerance in rapeseed, nine commercial rapeseed cultivars (opera, karaj1, karaj2, karaj3, zarfam, okapi, talayeh, licord and modena) were evaluated under two conditions (normal and drought stress) in kangavar region in the west iran in 2014-2015 growing season. this research was carried out in a split plot experiment based on completely randomized design in f...