This special issue seeks to expand the intellectual landscape of English Protestantism over course its long Reformation from early sixteenth through late seventeenth centuries. England's protracted conflict Protestant identity encouraged diversification orientations sacred texts and religious traditions, stretching it beyond western Europe eastern Mediterranean world. The essays examine engagem...

Introduction This chapter considers social patterns that contribute to shaping the position of women in Arab societies today. It focuses on the impact of two central sources of influence: cultural and especially religious heritage and Arab intellectual production. Culture plays a pervasive role in composing the social context of women's position in the Arab world, and religious interpretations ...

religious texts have divided to texts of quran's verses and traditions of imams. some of the fundamentalists have diversity of opinions in mentioned comprehensible texts and they have proposed different theories in it. although dispute of this group of fundamentalists in religious texts is also minor premise and major but recent research is related to dispute of major. the intention of dis...

. cross-cultural understanding dates back to the discovery of the third world, its peoples, and its religions. along this, the place of studying other peoples came in view. demography and orientalism were two disciplines which first aimed at studying other peoples regardless of their beliefs. after some thirty years, emphasis was laid on their beliefs, too. today after disproof of the anticipat...

studying the prophet’s methods of interaction with his opponents is a need nowadays. through these procedures, we can be aware of the best ways to penetrate into others hearts and introduce religious ideas (instructions). on the other hand, we can consider ahle- ketab including jews, christians and some other religious groups like sabe’in and magus and pagans including idol and star worshipers,...

the paper first addresses the confilict between religion and science, together with some solutions proposed. it then proposes religious knowledge as an epistimological field which obey the laws of empirical sciences. the solution put forward addresses a deep_rooted confilict,as it is in reference to one concerning scientific and religious propositions. moreover, it does not ignore the confilict...