Social cognition is increasingly viewed as a viable treatment target. This is in large part due to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that social cognitive abilities contribute to real-world outcomes 1,2 and that remediation of social cognitive impairments leads to improvements in functional outcome. The work of Lindenmayer and colleagues 6 represents an important step in efforts to optim...

Constructed wetlands are in use to improve the quality of contaminated groundwaters at many sites in the USA. Target contaminants include both organic and inorganic constituents. Volatile and nonvolatile hydrocarbons are found in ground water at closed petroleum refinery sites, and in leachates from landfills. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are pollutants at many sites. Chlorinated organics o...

Oil pollution in the environment is now being taken seriously by the oil industries and as such, these companies are always looking for cost-effective methods of dealing with this pollution. The global environment is under great stress due to urbanization and industrialization as well as population pressure on the limited natural resources. The problems are compounded by drastic changes that ha...

Origin and impact of heavy metal and radionuclide pollution Pollution of soil by heavy metals arises from a number of sources, including emissions from motor vehicle exhausts and from manufacturing industry, sewage sludge application, and acid mine drainage. Heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium and lead are toxic and may affect man directly through ingestion after passing through the food chain [...

A mathematical model has been simulated to describe natural in situ bioremediation of contaminated soil. The model equations consist of a system of three non-linear partial differential equations. Sensitivity analysis conducted by numerically solving them, has demonstrated the effect of initial contaminant concentration on the time and mechanism of remediation. The result of simulation indicate...

Simulation/Optimization (S/0) models can greatly simplify the process of designing remediation systems for contaminated groundwater. We describe some technical aspects of using S/0 models and possible S/0 model formulations for groundwater remediation design. We: discuss some S/0 model optimization algorithms; illustrate simple optimization problem solution; describe two real-world S/0 model ap...

Plant-based environmental remediation, or phytoremediation, has been widely pursued in recent years as a favorable clean-up technology and is an area of intensive scientific investigation. For the vast majority of field applications, vegetative 'phyto-crops' are selected specifically for their capacity for site decontamination and not for additional concurrent or post-remediation utility. By co...

One of the most commonly used ground-water remediation technologies is to pump contaminated waterto the surfacefor treatment, Evacuating the effectiveness of pump-and-treat rernediations at Superfund sites is an issue identified by the Regional Superfund Ground Water Forum as a concern of Superfunddecision-makers. The Forum is a group of groundwater scientists, representing EPA’s Regional Super...

BACKGROUND Previous work has shown that a programme that draws on a blend of theories makes a positive difference to outcomes for students who fail and repeat their first semester at medical school. Exploration of student and teacher perspectives revealed that remediation of struggling medical students can be achieved through a cognitive apprenticeship within a small community of inquiry. This ...