Although a large literature exists on the repair and deterioration of machines, the associated problem of maintenance schedules for deteriorating renewable facilities has been little studied. These facilities include all those which can be restored to a near-new state by renovation or rebuilding, so that the market value and performance of the facility depends on the current state of repair rat...

The objectives of this research were to investigate influences of energy inputs and energy forms on output levels and evaluation of CO2 emissions for hazelnut production in Guilan province of Iran. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis was done by marginal physical productivity (MPP) method for energy inputs and energy using linear regression. Initial data were collected from 120 orchar...

The contributions in this theme issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A address important global trends in energy management, both current and anticipated. Particularly in the context of electrical power systems, these trends will present complex scientific challenges in decision analysis and optimization, in the analysis and assessment of risk and in the modelling of flexibi...

the aims of this study were to investigate the energy flow and its modeling in shablon cultivar of plum production in golestan province of iran. data were collected through questionnaires and also interviews with producers. cobb-douglass model and sensitivity analysis were used to determine the effects of energy inputs on plum yield. the results revealed that the total energy inputs and energy ...

nowadays using of new energies in the form of dispersed resources in the worlds is wide spreading. in this article we will design a dispersed production source in the form of a solar/wind hybrid power plant in order to supply the energy of a residential unit according to a sample load pattern. the aim of aforementioned design is to reduce its costs in a period of 20 years. in order to optimi...

use of fossil energy provides greenhouse gases emissions and therefore global warming phenomenon and the incidence of further consequences such as expanding deserts and blasting the dust storms in the middel east, including iran. taking advantage of renewable energy is the most appropriate solution to prevent greenhouse gas emissions. ahvaz region in the southwest of with a population of 133812...

Science and technology for renewable and sustainable energy are indispensable for our future society and economics. To meet the goal of sustainable energy development, there is a growing body of research efforts world wide. The planner of energy research has to grasp the broader coverage of scientific and technological research, and make decisions on effective investment in promising and emergi...

This paper analyzes utilization of renewable energy systems and efficient building envelopes in the semi-arid climate. The proposed model evaluates renewable energy systems solutions as well as economic- and energy-efficient construction materials for the net zero-energy buildings (NZEB) in semi-arid climates. The objective of this paper is to optimize total energy cost and environmental impact...

The intermittent nature of the renewable energies increases the operation costs of conventional generators. As the share of energy supplied by renewable sources increases, these costs also increase. In this paper, we quantify these costs by developing a market clearing price of energy in the presence of renewable energy and congestion constraints. We consider an electricity market where generat...

Germany has set ambitious targets to transform its energy system from being based on fossil fuels and nuclear to renewable energies, requiring electricity grids to be upgraded. As a result there is significant public pressure in some German cities to exert greater local control over electricity distribution infrastructure. A case study approach was used to investigate contestations around owner...