Stakeholder participation in natural resource management has spread widely, even to nondemocracies, driven by expectations of beneficial outcomes such as multidirectional learning. However, can we expect participation to be equally effective in achieving multidirectional learning in democracies and nondemocracies? Unsurprisingly, previous studies indicate the relevance of power distribution for...

The conventional view of the impact of terrorism on democracy in America since 9/11 is bleak. Pundits in the mass media, candidates on the campaign trail, and scholarly experts portray the United States as a fearful nation whose people are worried about the next terrorist attack and are willing to sacrifice civil liberties at home and support costly and aggressive policies abroad (Ackerman 2007...

This article explores my experiences as a Black American professor teaching Studies at Wuhan University during the summer of 2019. It focuses on various lessons I learned about China both teacher and scholar social political movements. In many ways, defied what colleagues told me it would be like being in China. Given Chinese governments’ reputation for harsh treatment intellectuals who critici...

The Algerian military’s response to the 2019–2020 Hirak protests was relatively peaceful. In contrast its violent repression of in 1988, and subsequent coup civil war 1990s, military showed considerable restraint toward Hirak. Leveraging a survey 2,235 self-reported personnel, I show that emanated from protesters’ use nonviolence fraternization, as well recognition more repressive approach 1990...

Mass protests frequently occur in electoral autocracies. However, the opposite is true Turkey, despite mounting grievances and a strong opposition presence with institutional resources. We argue that competitive authoritarian regimes, subset of autocracies, may dampen mass protests, allowing an opportunity to defeat incumbents through elections. Studying Turkey’s main party, we identify three m...

background: chitin is an abundant natural polysaccharide found in fungi, algae, and exoskeleton of insects. several bacterial species are capable of utilizing chitin as their carbon source. these bacteria produce chitinases for degradation of chitin into n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. so far, regulation of the chitinase encoding genes has been studied in different bacterial species. among bacillus spe...

The Moroccan state has long attempted to maintain tight control on “its” subjects living in Europe. Since the 1960s, the state has actively discouraged migrants’ social and political integration because this was seen as endangering the flow of remittances and creating political opposition from outside. However, the failure of these remote control policies and an ominous stagnation in remittance...

Political movements that engage in terrorism typically have too few material resources— personnel, funds, or territory under their control—to achieve their goals through legitimate political action or large-scale organized violence (Fromkin, 1975). Terrorist attacks are part of an indirect strategy for achieving their political objectives by influencing an audience (Crenshaw, 1981). These terro...