One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis is the evaluation of the patient's soft tissue profile. There have been many attempts to quantify the soft tissue profile based on the lateral cephalogram. Yet, the methodology used to evaluate the profile varies widely among studies, and there has been no consistency in the way straight lines are constructed in the analysis of the s...

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) represents small, non-directional deviations from perfect symmetry in morphological characters. FA is generally assumed to increase in response to stress; therefore, FA is frequently used in ecological studies as an index of environmental or genetic stress experienced by an organism. The values of FA are usually small, and therefore the reliable detection of FA requir...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The main purpose of this study was to assess intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of probing depth measurements with a manual periodontal probe. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 32 dental students in Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry with normal periodontium were evaluated. Each tooth of the upper right quadrants, except the third molars, was examined. Probing depths we...

PURPOSE Conventional time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to provide reproducible retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements. Recently, high-speed, high-resolution Fourier-domain 3D-OCT has been introduced to improve OCT quality. It can provide 6-mm(2) high-density scans to provide RNFL thickness measurements. The purpose of this study was to test the reproducibility...