Denote points in Euclidean n-space, Rn, by x = (x1, . . . ,xn) and let E and ∂E denote the closure and boundary of E ⊆Rn, respectively. Let 〈x, y〉 denote the standard inner product in Rn, |x| = 〈x,x〉1/2, and set B(x,r)= {y ∈Rn : |y− x| < r} whenever x ∈Rn, r > 0. Define k-dimensional Hausdorffmeasure, 1≤ k ≤ n, in Rn as follows: for fixed δ > 0 and E ⊆Rn, let L(δ)= {B(xi,ri)} be such that E ⊆ ⋃...

The purpose of the presented study was to compare acute and post-exercise differences in cardiorespiratory, metabolic, cardiac autonomic, inflammatory and muscle damage responses to highintensity interval exercise (HIIT) between endurance and sprint athletes. The study group consisted of sixteen highly-trained males (age 22.1 ± 2.5 years) participating in endurance (n = 8) or sprint (n = 8) spo...

A higher-than-average maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), is closely associated with decreased morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life and acts as a marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. Although there is no consensus about an optimal training method to enhance VO2max, nevertheless training of small muscle groups and repeated exposure to hypoxia seem to be promising approaches. The...

for all x, y ∈ X and all natural numbers n, where φn : [0,∞)→ [0,∞) and limn→∞φn = φ, uniformly on any bounded interval [0,b]. Suppose that φ is upper semicontinuous and that φ(t) < t for all t > 0. Furthermore, suppose that there exists a positive integer n∗ such that φn∗ is upper semicontinuous and φn∗(0)= 0. If there exists x0 ∈ X which has a bounded orbit O(x0)= {x0,Tx0,T2x0, . . .}, then T...

The purpose of this study was to quantify the workload during basketball-specific drills measured through microtechnology. Twelve professional male basketball players from the Spanish 1st Division were monitored over a 4-week period. Data were collected from 16 sessions, for a total of 95 ± 33 drills per player. Workload data (Acceleration load; AL) were obtained from a tri-axial accelerometer ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of HR measurements by two commercial-use activity trackers in comparison to ECG. Twenty-four healthy participants underwent the same 77-minute protocol during a single visit. Each participant completed an initial rest period of 15 minutes followed by 5 minute periods of each of the following activities: 60W and 120W cycling, walking, jogging...

As runners age, the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis (OA) significantly increases as 10% of people 55+ have symptomatic knee OA while 70% of people 65+ have radiographic signs of knee OA. The lateral-medial shear force (LMF) and knee adduction moment (KAM) during gait have been associated with cartilage loading which can lead to OA. Foot rotation during gait has been shown to alter the L...

The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has antiinflammatory and anti-nociceptive (pain inhibiting) effects. Because strenuous exercise often results in local inflammation and pain, we hypothesized that DHA supplementation attenuates the rise in markers of local muscle inflammation and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) that occur after eccentric strength exercise. Twenty-seven, hea...

Multisport events continue to grow in popularity among recreational, amateur, and professional athletes around the world. This study aimed to determine the compounding effects of the initial run and cycling legs of an International Triathlon Union (ITU) Duathlon simulation on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT) and running economy (RE) within a thermoneutral, laboratory c...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate muscular adaptations between heavyand moderate-load resistance training (RT) with all other variables controlled between conditions. Nineteen resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either a strength-type RT routine (HEAVY) that trained in a loading range of 2-4 repetitions per set (n = 10) or a hypertrophy-type RT routine (MODERATE) tha...