Acuity for vertical, horizontal, and oblique gratings was measured in 77 infant astigmats using a preferential looking procedure. Measurements were made with the refractive error uncorrected. Most of the infant astigmats were slightly to moderately hyperopic with respect to the test distance of 50 cm. Their acuity was not significantly different from that of a group of non-astigmatic infants. A...

Corneal refractive surgery procedures are widely performed to permanently correct refractive errors. Overall, refractive surgeries are safe, predictable and present high rates of satisfaction. Nevertheless, the induced epithelial, stromal and nerve damage alters corneal integrity and function, triggering a regenerative response. Complications that arise from corneal wound healing process might ...

Twenty years from now, the use of refractive surgery to treat pediatric conditions will have been shown to be either a great advance, a sometimes useful tool, or a serious mistake for young patients with refractive errors. It falls on ophthalmologists practicing in the early part of the 21st century to determine how to best serve, as well as protect patients while navigating through those years...

PURPOSE To investigate the development of refractive errors and strabismus in a cohort of children with Down syndrome. METHOD Data for 55 children with Down syndrome who are participating in this longitudinal study of visual development, first examined by us when aged less than 2 years and on at least two other occasions, were analyzed. Mohindra retinoscopy was used to measure refractive erro...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among Kibera slum dwellers. DESIGN Population based Survey. SETTING Kibera Slums, Kibera Division, Nairobi, Kenya. SUBJECTS One thousand four hundred and thirty eight randomly selected slum dwellers. RESULTS The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.21 to 1.0), and 6.2% (95% C...

Background: To investigate the distribution of refractive errors and their characteristics in older adults from a Polish population. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1107 men and women were interviewed and underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, 998 subjects underwent refraction. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SER) refraction ≤-0.5 dioptres (D) ...

A retinitis pigmentosa (RP) population (268 eyes) had predominantly myopic refractive errors. Whereas 12% of a normal population have myopic refractions, myopia was found in 75% of 268 eyes of RP patients and in 95% of 41 eyes of X-linked RP patients. The spherical errors describe a single-peaked, skewed distribution, with a mean of -1.86 dioptres that is significantly (P less than 0.001) more ...

PURPOSE To determine whether the total corneal refractive power (TCRP) value, which is based on measurement of both anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism, is effective for toric intraocular lens (IOL) calculation with AcrySof(®) Toric IOLs. PATIENTS AND METHODS A consecutive series of cataract surgery cases with AcrySof toric IOL implantation was studied retrospectively. The IOLMaster(®)...

background: the aim of this study was to evaluate the results of amblyopia screening in ardabil province in three examination levels by kindergarten teacher, optometrist, and ophthalmologist. methods: in a cross‑sectional study, the results of the national amblyopic prevention program in 2–6 years old children in ardabil province were investigated in 2012. the results pertained to the examinati...