Recently, Wang, Yin, and Yu ([WYY05b]) have used a low weight codeword in the SHA-1 message expansion to show a better than brute force method to find collisions in SHA-1. The smallest minimum weight codeword they report has a (bit) weight of 25 in the last 60 of the 80 expanded words. In this paper we show, using a computer assisted method, that this is indeed the smallest weight codeword. In ...

In typical force spectroscopy experiments, a small biomolecule is attached to a soft polymer linker that is pulled with a relatively large bead or cantilever. At constant force, the total extension stochastically changes between two (or more) values, indicating that the biomolecule undergoes transitions between two (or several) conformational states. In this paper, we consider the influence of ...

Seawalls are built for Protecting of beaches against waves and preventing the progression of water to the beach. For a proper understanding about these constructions, a suiTable information about applied loads on these constructions should be existed. One of the important load that applied on these constructions is sea wave. Others loads are included: weight force of the walls, weight force of ...

Burnishing is a chip-less finishing process, in which a hard roller or ball presses the surface layer of part to perform plastic deformation in the surface layer and produce improved finish, enhanced hardness and compressive residual stresses on the surface of special materials such as Aluminum and Brass. In the following research, the effect of input parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed...

As a rule, for the evaluation of mechanical characteristics metallic material by secondary creep and rupture strength, tests are carried out uniaxial tension cylindrical specimens under influence stationary axial force. These include experimental dependence constant strain rate on nominal stress time stress. In order not to conduct large number experiments, so that these can be determined at an...

OBJECTIVE During tracheal resection with primary anastomosis, cartilaginous reinforcing sutures may be placed outside of the primary anastomosis with the goal of preventing early dehiscence. The direct effect of such reinforcing sutures on anastomotic strength has not been previously investigated. The goal of this study was to determine if the addition of cartilaginous reinforcing sutures adds ...